Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Agriculture byproduct-derived versatile Cassia fistula seed shell carbon for the removal of acid violet 17 dye from aqueous solution: adsorption kinetics, equilibrium, and mechanism studies

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present study deals with the preparation and characterization of porous activated carbon from Cassia fistula seed shell (CFSS), an agriculture solid waste (byproducts) for the removal synthetic anionic Acid Violet (AV17) dye by batch adsorption technique, and the results were compared with commercial activated carbon (CAC). BET surface area and point zero charge of the CFSSC is 485.5 m2/g and 6.5. The as prepared CFSSC structural and morphological features were confirmed using XRD, FITR, TGA, and SEM analysis. The effect of diverse experimental parameters such as dosage of adsorbent, contact time, initial concentration of AV17 dye, and pH on the removal of dye by adsorption using the adsorbents (CFSSC and CAC) has been studied in room temperature. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied. The adsorption capacities of the CAC and CFSSC on AV17 dye was found to be 290.90 and 132.45 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics initiates to be first order with respect to intra-particle diffusion as rate determining step. The process of removal of dyes by adsorption on CAC and CFSSC was found to be highly pH dependent. The maximum adsorption observed at pH 2. The result in the present study indicates that CFSSC could be used as a cost-effective alternative adsorbent for the removal of dilute acidic dyes from wastewater instead of CAC.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

This is not applicable.

References

  1. Soumi D, Bramha G, Suneel KS, Ashok KG (2021) Recent advances on the removal of dyes from wastewater using various adsorbents: a critical review. Mater Adv 2:4497–4531

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Muhammad B, Ihsanullah I, Mansoor Ul HS, Ambavaram VBR, Tejraj MA (2022) Recent advances in the removal of dyes from wastewater using low-cost adsorbents. J Environ Manag 21:115981

    Google Scholar 

  3. Anastopoulos I, Bhatnagar A, Hameed BH, Ok YS, Omirou M (2020) A review on waste-derived adsorbents from sugar industry for pollutant removal in water and wastewater. J Mol Liq 240:179–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bhatnagar A, Anastopoulos I (2017) Adsorptive removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solution: a review. Chemosphere 168:885–902

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Aragaw TA, Bogale FM (2021) Biomass-based adsorbents for removal of dyes from wastewater: a review. Front Environ Sci 9:764958

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bhatnagar A, Sillanpaa M (2010) Utilization of agro-industrial and municipal waste materials as potential adsorbents for water treatment - a review. Chem Eng J 157:277–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Sivakumar S, Muthirulan P, Meenakshi SM (2019) Adsorption kinetic and isotherm studies of Azure A on various activated carbons derived from agricultural wastes. Arab J Chem 12:1507–1514

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Divine Angela GS, Sergio CC, Mark Daniel GL (2018) Evaluation of the effectiveness and mechanisms of acetaminophen and methylene blue dye adsorption on activated biochar derived from municipal solid wastes. J. Environ Manag 210:255–262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Sonalika S, Prem P, Brijesh KM, Nayak GC (2020) Synthesis, characterization and sorption studies of a zirconium(IV) impregnated highly functionalized mesoporous activated carbons. RSC Adv 10:13783–13798

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Kannan N, Pagutharivalan R (2012) Removal of Basic Green dye from aqueous media by using Eucalyptus globules bark carbon as an adsorbent-a comparative study. J Chem Pharm Res 4:38–45

    Google Scholar 

  11. Shahul Hameed K, Muthirulan P, Meenakshi SM (2017) Adsorption of chromotrope dye onto activated carbons obtained from the seeds of various plants: equilibrium and kinetics studies. Arab J Chem 10:S2225–S2233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Freundlich HMF (1906) Over the adsorption in solution. J Phys Chem 57:385–470

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kannan N, Meenakshi SM (2001) Kinetics and mechanism of removal of methylene blue by adsorption on various carbons – a comparative study. Dyes Pigm 51:25–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Langmuir I (1918) The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass mica and platinum. J Am Chem Soc 40:1361–1403

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Uttara M, Ajay Kumar M, Abhijit C (2022) A critical evaluation of conventional kinetic and isotherm modeling for adsorptive removal of hexavalent chromium and methylene blue by natural rubber sludge-derived activated carbon and commercial activated carbon. Bioresour Technol 343:126135–126146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. McKay CR (1983) The adsorption of dyestuff from aqueous solution using activated carbon analytical solution for batch adsorption based on external mass transfer and pore diffusion. Chem Eng J 27:187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Nasuha N, Hameed BH (2011) Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution onto NaOH-modified rejected tea. Chem Eng J 166:783–786

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Madrakian T, Afkhami A, Ahmadi M (2012) Adsorption and kinetic studies of seven different organic dyes onto magnetite nanoparticles loaded tea waste and removal of them from wastewater samples. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 99:102–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Jain SN, Gogate PR (2017) Adsorptive removal of acid violet 17 dye from wastewater using biosorbent obtained from NaOH and H2SO4 activation of fallen leaves of Ficus Racemosa. J Mol Liq 243:132–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Garg D, Kumar S, Sharma K, Majumder CB (2019) Application of waste peanut shells to form activated carbon and its utilization for the removal of Acid Yellow 36 from wastewater. Groundw Sustain Dev 8:512–519

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Cretescu I, Lupascu T, Buciscanu I, Balau-Mindru T, Soreanu G (2017) Low-cost sorbents for the removal of acid dyes from aqueous solutions. Process Saf Environ Protect 108:57–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Guerrero-Coronilla I, Morales-Barrera L, Cristiani-Urbina E (2015) Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies of amaranth dye biosorption from aqueous solution onto water hyacinth leaves. J Environ Manag 152:99–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Bhomick PC, Supong A, Baruah M, Pongener C, Sinha D (2018) Pine Cone biomass as an efficient precursor for the synthesis of activated biocarbon for adsorption of anionic dye from aqueous solution: isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic and regeneration studies. Sustain Chem Pharm 10:41–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Khan S, Malik A (2018) Toxicity evaluation of textile effluents and role of native soil bacterium in biodegradation of a textile dye. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:4446–4458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Shindhal T, Rakholiya P, Varjani S, Pandey A, Ngo HH, Guo W, Ng HY, Taherzadeh MJ (2021) A critical review on advances in the practices and perspectives for the treatment of dye industry waste water. Bioengineered 12:70–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Jamee R, Siddique R (2019) Biodegradation of synthetic dyes of textile effluent by microorganisms: an environmentally and economically sustainable approach. Eur J Microbiol Immunol 9:114–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Khattab TA, Abdelrahman MS, Rehan M (2020) Textile dyeing industry: environmental impacts and remediation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:3803–3818

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Hameed BH, Din ATM, Ahmad AL (2007) Adsorption of methylene blue onto bamboo- based activated carbon: kinetics and equilibrium studies. J Hazard Mater 141:819–825

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Lianggui W (2012) Application of activated carbon derived from ‘waste’ bamboo culms for the adsorption of azo disperse dye: kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. J Environ Manag 102:79–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Hem L, Garg VK, Gupta RK (2008) Adsorptive removal of basic dye by chemically activated Parthenium biomass: equilibrium and kinetic modeling. Desalination 219:250–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Kavitha D, Namsivayam C (2002) Capacity of activated carbon in the removal of acid brilliant blue: determination of equilibrium and kinetic model parameters. Chem Eng J 139:453–461

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Robinson T, Chandran B, Nigam P (2002) Effect of pretreatments of three waste residues, wheat straw, corncobs and barley husks on dye adsorption. Bioresour Technol 85:119–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Jayarajan M, Arunachalam R, Annadurai G (2011) Agricultural wastes of jackfruit peel nano-porous adsorbent for removal of rhodamine dye. Asian J Appl Sci 4:263–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Jain SN, Gogate PR (2018) Efficient removal of Acid Green 25 dye from wastewater using activated Prunus Dulcis as biosorbent: Batch and column studies. J Environ Manage 210:226–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Thinakaran N, Baskaralingam P, Pulikesi M, Panneerselvamc P, Sivanesan S (2008) Removal of Acid Violet 17 from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from sunflower seed hull. J Hazard Mater 151:316–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Kannan N, Murugavel S (2008) Comparative study on the removal of Acid Violet by adsorption on various low cost adsorbents. Glob Nest J 10:395–403

    Google Scholar 

  37. Anjaneya O, Santoshkumar M, Nayak Anand S, Karegoudar TB (2009) Biosorption of acid violet dye from aqueous solutions using native biomass of a new isolate of Penicillium species. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 63:782–787

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Sivaraj R, Namasivayam C, Kadirvelu K (2001) Orange peel as an adsorbent in the removal of Acid violet 17 (acid dye) from aqueous solutions. Waste Manage 21:105–110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Vijayalakshmi P, Bala VSS, Thiruvengadaravi KV, Panneerselvam P, Palanichamy M, Sivanesan S (2011) Removal of Acid Violet 17 from aqueous solutionsby adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from pistachio nut shell. Sep Sci Technol 46:155–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Thinakaran N, Baskaralingam P, Pulikesi M, Panneerselvam P, Sivanesan S (2008) Removal of Acid Violet 17 from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from sunflower seed hull. J Hazard Mater 151:316–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully thank The Principal and Departments of Chemistry of Rani Anna Government College for Women and The Management and Principal of Lekshmipuram College of Arts and Science, both affiliated with Manonmaniam Sundaranar University in Tirunelveli, India, for providing the research facilities for this experimental investigation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Unnamalai Institute of Technology, Affiliated to Anna University, Kovilpatti, Chennai, 628502, India

    Rajeswaran Ramaraj & Archana Shanmugam

  2. Department of Chemistry, Rani Anna Government College for Women, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, 627008, India

    Rajeswaran Ramaraj & Banumathi Nagarathinam

  3. Department of Chemistry, Lekshmipuram College of Arts and Science, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Neyyoor, Tirunelveli, 629802, India

    Muthirulan Pandi

Authors
  1. Rajeswaran Ramaraj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Archana Shanmugam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Banumathi Nagarathinam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Muthirulan Pandi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Murugan Thavasikannu: conceptualization, methodology, experiments and data analysis, and manuscript writing and editing. Archana Shanmugam: conceptualization, methodology, and data analysis. Rajeswaran Ramaraj: manuscript writing and editing. Banumathi Nagarathinam: methodology, proofreading, and editing. Shylasree GV: resources and methodology. Muthirulan Pandi: funding acquisition, resources, supervision, proofreading, and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muthirulan Pandi.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

This is not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ramaraj, R., Shanmugam, A., Nagarathinam, B. et al. Agriculture byproduct-derived versatile Cassia fistula seed shell carbon for the removal of acid violet 17 dye from aqueous solution: adsorption kinetics, equilibrium, and mechanism studies. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 9507–9523 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04148-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04148-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation