Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Chaste plant extract is a promising biostimulant for tomato plants’ growth under salt stress

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Temperature change, global warming, and the ever-changing climate have made life extremely difficult for plants. Our research analyzed the effects of chaste plant extract on salt-stressed tomatoes. Three concentrations of chaste plant extract (CPE) were applied (0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%). The obtained results indicated that CPE-treated plants showed a higher ability to tolerate salt stress (75 mM) by a significant increase in plant growth and photosynthetic pigment content (p ≤ 0.05). Antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) are also crucial in the case of treatments. Carbon–nitrogen enzymes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), malate dehydrogenase (NAD-MDH), and glutamine synthase have changed (GS). Our results suggest that the application of chaste plant extract could be used as a promising plant growth biostimulant for treating tomato plants under salinity stress.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are included in the article.

References

  1. Shahbaz M, Ashraf M (2013) Improving salinity tolerance in cereals. CRC Crit Rev Plant Sci 32:237–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2013.758544

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Acosta-Motos JR et al (2015) NaCl-induced physiological and biochemical adaptative mechanisms in the ornamental Myrtus communis L. plants. J Plant Physiol 183:41–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2015.05.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Misra SC et al (2006) Relationship between carbon isotope discrimination, ash content and grain yield in wheat in the Peninsular Zone of India. J Agron Crop Sci 192:352–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2006.00225.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Abd El-Baky HH, El-Baroty GS (2012) Characterization and bioactivity of phycocyanin isolated from Spirulina maxima grown under salt stress. Food Funct 3:381–388. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2fo10194g

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Kiddle G et al (2003) Effects of leaf ascorbate content on defense and photosynthesis gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Antioxidants Redox Signal 5:23–32. https://doi.org/10.1089/152308603321223513

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Salim BBM (2016) Influence of biochar and seaweed extract applications on growth, yield and mineral composition of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under sandy soil conditions. Ann Agric Sci 61:257–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2016.06.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ono M et al (2011) A new diterpenoid glucoside and two new diterpenoids from the fruit of Vitex agnus-castus. Chem Pharm Bull 59:392–396. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.59.392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ben Mrid R, et al (2021) Secondary metabolites as biostimulant and bioprotectant agents: a review. Sci Total Environ 777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146204

  9. Bouchmaa N, et al (2022) Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima: a valuable food with high added health benefits. mdpi.com

  10. Naboulsi I, et al (2022) Crataegus oxyacantha extract as a biostimulant to enhance tolerance to salinity in tomato plants. Plants 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11101283

  11. Ennoury A et al (2022) River’s Ulva intestinalis extract protects common bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) against salt stress. South African J Bot 150:334–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2022.07.035

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ben Mrid R, et al (2019) Phytochemical Characterization, antioxidant and in vitro cytotoxic activity evaluation of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. Oxycedrus needles and berries. Molecules 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030502

  13. Kubiś J (2008) Exogenous spermidine differentially alters activities of some scavenging system enzymes, H2O2 and superoxide radical levels in water-stressed cucumber leaves. J Plant Physiol 165:397–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2007.02.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Arnon DI (1949) Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in beta vulgaris Plant Physiol 24:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.24.1.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ehmann A (1977) The van URK-Salkowski reagent - a sensitive and specific chromogenic reagent for silica gel thin-layer chromatographic detection and identification of indole derivatives. J Chromatogr A 132:267–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)89300-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil 39:205–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018060

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Roussi Z et al (2022) Insight into Cistus salviifolius extract for potential biostimulant effects in modulating cadmium-induced stress in sorghum plant. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 28:1323–1334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-022-01202-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Armstrong FH, et al (1947) The estimation of carbohydrates in plant extracts by anthrone. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 30:700

  19. Beauchamp C, Fridovich I (1971) Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 44:276–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(71)90370-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Bouchmaa N, et al (2018) Cytotoxicity of new pyridazin-3(2H)-one derivatives orchestrating oxidative stress in human triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-468). Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 351. https://doi.org/10.1002/ardp.201800128

  21. Rao MV, Paliyath G, Ormrod DP (1996) Ultraviolet-B- and ozone-induced biochemical changes in antioxidant enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol 110:125–136. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.1.125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Ben Mrid R et al (2018) Activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) during seed development. J Crop Sci Biotechnol 21:283–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-017-0140-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. El Omari R, Ben Mrid R, Chibi F, Nhiri M (2016) Involvement of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and antioxydants enzymes in nitrogen nutrition tolerance in Sorghum bicolor plants. Russ J Plant Physiol 63:719–726. https://doi.org/10.1134/S102144371606008X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Kchikich A et al (2021) Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and the γ-aminobutyric acid treatment in nitrate assimilation under nitrogen deficiency in sorghum plant. Russ J Plant Physiol 68:901–908. https://doi.org/10.1134/S102144372105006X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Ben Mrid R et al (2016) Effect of nitrogen source and concentration on growth and activity of nitrogen assimilation enzymes in roots of a moroccan sorghum ecotype. Plant 4:71. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20160406.14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Latique S, et al (2021) Foliar application of Ulva rigida water extracts improves salinity tolerance in wheat (Triticum durum l.). Agronomy 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020265

  28. Bulgari R, Franzoni G, Ferrante A (2019) Biostimulants application in horticultural crops under abiotic stress conditions. Agronomy 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060306

  29. Claros Cuadrado JL, et al (2019) Insecticidal properties of capsaicinoids and glucosinolates extracted from capsicum chinense and tropaeolum tuberosum. Insects 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10050132

  30. Egamberdieva D (2009) Alleviation of salt stress by plant growth regulators and IAA producing bacteria in wheat. Acta Physiol Plant 31:861–864. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-009-0297-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Cetinkaya H et al (2017) Flavonoid accumulation behavior in response to the abiotic stress: can a uniform mechanism be illustrated for all plants? Flavonoids - From Biosynth to Hum Heal. https://doi.org/10.5772/68093

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Fawzy Z, Abd El-Baky M, Mahmoud R (2010) Response of snap bean plants to mineral fertilizers and humic acid application. Res J Agric Biol Sci 6:169–175

    Google Scholar 

  33. Duman F, Ozturk F, Aydin Z (2010) Biological responses of duckweed (Lemna minor L.) exposed to the inorganic arsenic species As(III) and As(V): effects of concentration and duration of exposure. Ecotoxicology 19:983–993. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-010-0480-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Rizwan M et al (2017) Foliar application of aspartic acid lowers cadmium uptake and Cd-induced oxidative stress in rice under Cd stress. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:21938–21947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9860-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Bhuyan MHMB, et al (2020) Modulation of cadmium tolerance in rice: insight into vanillic acid-induced upregulation of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. Plants 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9020188

  36. Hamilton EW, Heckathorn SA (2001) Mitochondrial adaptations to NaCl. Complex I is protected by anti-oxidants and small heat shock proteins, whereas Complex II is protected by proline and betaine. Plant Physiol 126:1266–1274. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.126.3.1266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Hoque MA et al (2008) Proline and glycinebetaine enhance antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal detoxification systems and reduce NaCl-induced damage in cultured tobacco cells. J Plant Physiol 165:813–824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2007.07.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Faraz A et al (2020) Supplementation of salicylic acid and citric acid for alleviation of cadmium toxicity to Brassica juncea. J Plant Growth Regul 39:641–655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-019-10007-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Mallick N, Mohn FH (2000) Reactive oxygen species: response of algal cells. J Plant Physiol 157:183–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(00)80189-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Meloni DA, Oliva MA, Martinez CA, Cambraia J (2003) Photosynthesis and activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase in cotton under salt stress. Environ Exp Bot 49:69–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-8472(02)00058-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Marín-Hernández Á, et al (2016) Inhibition of non-flux-controlling enzymes deters cancer glycolysis by accumulation of regulatory metabolites of controlling steps. Front Physiol 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00412

  42. Ozfidan-Konakci C, Yildiztugay E, Kucukoduk M (2015) Upregulation of antioxidant enzymes by exogenous gallic acid contributes to the amelioration in Oryza sativa roots exposed to salt and osmotic stress. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:1487–1498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3472-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Nasri N et al (2011) Chemical compounds from Phoenician juniper berries (Juniperus phoenicea). Nat Prod Res 25:1733–1742. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2010.523827

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids as antioxidants. J Nat Prod 63:1035–1042. https://doi.org/10.1021/np9904509

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Sengupta S, Majumder AL (2009) Insight into the salt tolerance factors of a wild halophytic rice, Porteresia coarctata: a physiological and proteomic approach. Planta 229:911–929. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-008-0878-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Sathish GKC (2017) Effect of salinity stress on carbohydrate, lipid peroxidation and proline contents of two horse gram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc] varieties. J Sci Agric 1:37. https://doi.org/10.25081/jsa.2017.v1i0.30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Ben Mansour R, Ben Fattoum R, Gouia H, Haouari CC (2019) Salt stress effects on enzymes activities involved in carbon metabolism and nitrogen availability of two Tunisian durum wheat varieties. J Plant Nutr 42:1142–1151. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2019.1604749

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Jeanneau M et al (2002) Manipulating PEPC levels in plants. J Exp Bot 53:1837–1845. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erf061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Qin N, Xu W, Hu L et al (2016) Drought tolerance and proteomics studies of transgenic wheat containing the maize C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) gene. Protoplasma 253:1503–1512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-015-0906-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Kumar S, Tsai CJ, Nussinov R (2000) Factors enhancing protein thermostability. Protein Eng 13:179–191. https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/13.3.179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Surabhi GK, Reddy AM, Kumari GJ, Sudhakar C (2008) Modulations in key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism in two high yielding genotypes of mulberry (Morus alba L.) with differential sensitivity to salt stress. Environ Exp Bot 64:171–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2008.04.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Skopelitis DS et al (2006) Abiotic stress generates ROS that signal expression of anionic glutamate dehydrogenases to form glutamate for proline synthesis in tobacco and grapevine. Plant Cell 18:2767–2781. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.105.038323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Wang H, Zhang M, et al (2012) Effects of salt stress on ion balance and nitrogen metabolism of old and young leaves in rice (Oryza sativa L.). BMC Plant Biol 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-12-194

  54. Shi J et al (2015) Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Arabidopsis leaves plays a crucial role in carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Plant Physiol 167:671–681. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.114.254474

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies of Tangier, University Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tetouan, Morocco

    Ennoury Abdelhamid, Roussi Zoulfa, Nhhala Nada, Zouaoui Zakia, Kchikich Anass, Kabach Imad & Nhiri Mohamed

  2. AgroBioSciences Research Division, VI Polytechnic University, 43150, Ben Guerir, Mohammed, Morocco

    Benmrid Bouchra

  3. Environmental Technology, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Biotechnology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Faculty of Science and Techniques of Al Hoceima – Abdelmalek Essaadi University, BP 34, Ajdir, 32003, Al Hoceima, Morocco

    Krid Azzouz

Authors
  1. Ennoury Abdelhamid
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Roussi Zoulfa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nhhala Nada
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zouaoui Zakia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Benmrid Bouchra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Krid Azzouz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Kchikich Anass
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Kabach Imad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Nhiri Mohamed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Conceptualization, Ennoury Abdelhamid; methodology, Ennoury Abdelhamid, Roussi Zoulfa, Nada Nhhala, Zouaoui Zakia, Krid Azzouz, Kchikich Anass, and Kabach Imad; formal analysis and investigation, Nhiri Mohamed; writing—original draft preparation, Ennoury Abdelhamid and Roussi Zoulfa; writing—review and editing, Ennoury Abdelhamid and Nhiri Mohamed; supervision, Nhiri Mohamed.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ennoury Abdelhamid.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Abdelhamid, E., Zoulfa, R., Nada, N. et al. Chaste plant extract is a promising biostimulant for tomato plants’ growth under salt stress. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03454-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03454-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation