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Comprehensive evaluation of the remediation efficacy of composted and uncomposted mushroom substrate on lead-contaminated soil

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Abstract

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is a kind of agricultural waste currently used as amendment, however, its remediation efficacy on heavy metal-contaminated soil has not been comprehensively evaluated. In this study, the effects of SMS and its compost (CSMS) on soil environment (including lead availability, physicochemical properties, nutrient content, enzyme activity, bacterial community) and plant growth (including germination, photosynthesis, and biomass) in lead-contaminated soil were investigated. Independent germination test and pot experiments of water spinach were carried out under 600 mg/kg lead contamination and 5% amendment dosage. The results showed that SMS increased the germination rate by 45.1% and CSMS decreased it by 60.9%. Both amendments enhanced the photosynthesis and increased the fresh weight of water spinach by more than 12.6% in polluted soil, but SMS had a negative effect on photosynthesis and decreased the fresh weight in unpolluted soil. The SMS and CSMS reduced soil lead availability and thus decreased the lead content of water spinach by more than 6.1%. SMS increased soil pH, while CSMS decreased it. CSMS increased soil conductivity, organic carbon, and available N more than SMS. Both amendments consistently and positively impacted on soil enzymes and bacteria. In conclusion, composting is beneficial to increase the available N of SMS, which prevents SMS from competing with plants for N during mineralization. However, CSMS should not be directly used in the sowing period, because its alkalinity and high salt content may inhibit seed germination.

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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M700742).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Geographical Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China

    Yaru Yuan & Lin Zhu

  2. College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China

    Yu Jin, Xiuhong Xu, Xuesheng Liu & Juanjuan Qu

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  1. Yaru Yuan
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Contributions

All the authors in the manuscript have made corresponding contributions to the completion of the article. Each author and his/her work are as follows:

Juanjuan Qu was responsible for conceptualization including ideas, formulation of overarching research goals and aims.

Yaru Yuan was responsible for preparation, creation, and presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial and revised manuscript.

Lin Zhu was responsible for the preparation of reagents, instrumentation, computing resources, and other analysis tools.

Yu Jin was responsible for conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments data.

Xiuhong Xu was responsible for supervision the research activity planning and execution.

Xuesheng Liu has participated in the data analysis and applied statistical and mathematical techniques to analyze the research data.

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Correspondence to Juanjuan Qu.

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Yuan, Y., Zhu, L., Jin, Y. et al. Comprehensive evaluation of the remediation efficacy of composted and uncomposted mushroom substrate on lead-contaminated soil. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03370-8

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