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Biosorption potential of olive leaves as a novel low-cost adsorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater

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Abstract

This study reported the use of olive leaves Chemlali pruning waste (OLC) as biosorbent for Cr(VI) ions removal from aqueous solution via a batch process. An ideal experimental model was applied using central composite design (CCD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) to find the best operating conditions. The optimum removal efficiency of Cr(VI) onto OLC was ascertained as 99.98% at 3.9 initial solution pH, 0.73 g adsorbent mass, and 37.25 °C temperature for 100 mg/L initial Cr(VI) concentration. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showing a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.999) and low probability values signified the validity of the predicted model. Results showed that the CCD was an effective tool for enhancing the adsorption procedure. Several adsorption models were used to study the investigative data as well. The experimental data best fitted with Langmuir isotherm with maximum Cr(VI) biosorption capacities equaling to 21.157, 22.634, 30.672, and 40.312 mg/g at 283, 298, 308, and 318 K, respectively. The removal of Cr(VI) onto OLC followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The thermodynamic studies indicated a spontaneous and endothermic process. The OLC was characterized using different physicochemical methods. The FTIR revealed the interaction of some functional groups in the adsorption of chromium ions, including carboxylic acid, hydroxyl, and amide. The OLC adsorbent was regenerated with NaOH, NaCl solution, and distilled water until five recycle runs for further reuse. Overall, results showed that OLC is an effective and economical alternative with great potential for hexavalent chromium recovery.

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Materials availability

The olive leaves of Olea europaea L. variety Chemlali North (OLC) were collected from the olive tree multiplication center (Bejaoua), National Oil Office, Minister of Agriculture of Tunisia during pruning. After that, it was identified by the direction of the Olive Tree Institute of Tunisia.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Editor and anonymous reviewers for their precious comments and suggestions, which enhanced the quality of the paper. The Department of Separation Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology (LUT) of Finland for the hospitality received and for providing necessary instruments for the characterization of the materiel are greatly acknowledged.

Funding

This study was funded by the Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Knowledge exchange (Department of Separation Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology (LUT) of Finland) through the Ministry of Higher Education, and Scientific Research of Tunisia provided by the European Union for Tunisia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Laboratory “Desalination and Water Treatment LR19ES01”, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia

    Boutheina Rzig, Fatma Guesmi & Béchir Hamrouni

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa

    Mika Sillanpää

  3. Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mika Sillanpää

  4. Zhejiang Rongsheng Environmental Protection Paper Co. Ltd, No.588 East Zhennan Road, Pinghu Economic Development Zone, Zhejiang, 314213, People’s Republic of China

    Mika Sillanpää

  5. Department of Civil Engineering, University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India

    Mika Sillanpää

  6. International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Mika Sillanpää

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  4. Béchir Hamrouni
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Boutheina Rzig, Béchir Hamrouni; Formal analysis, investigation, and writing—original draft preparation: Boutheina Rzig; Writing—review and editing: Boutheina Rzig, Fatma Guesmi, Mika Sillanpää, and Béchir Hamrouni; Funding acquisition and supervision: Mika Sillanpää and Béchir Hamrouni.

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Correspondence to Boutheina Rzig.

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Highlights

• Olive leaves are an effective biomass for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater.

• Optimization of Cr(VI) removal on olive leaves through three factors in central composite design.

• The highest removal yield of 99.98% was obtained for a pH of 3.9, an adsorbent mass of 0.73  g, and a temperature of 37.25  °C.

• The maximum adsorption capacities were 157, 22.634, 30.672, and 40.312 mg/g at 283, 298, 308, and 318 K, respectively.

• Olive leaves waste could be reused for Cr(VI) sequestration.

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Rzig, B., Guesmi, F., Sillanpää, M. et al. Biosorption potential of olive leaves as a novel low-cost adsorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03356-6

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