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Decontamination of toxic Pb+2, Cd+2, and Ni+2 from the liquid medium using modified apple juice industrial biomass: isotherm and kinetic study

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Abstract

In India, out of 5000 tons of apple pomace, 3000 tons are produced in Himachal Pradesh; it is rich in polyphenol, polysaccharides, pectins, cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. Generated waste is indiscriminately disposed off in the field for natural decomposition. In the present study, a magnetic nanoparticle coated with graphene oxide (GO) impregnated on the apple pomace surface (GO/Fe3O4@AP) was synthesized, characterized, and used as adsorbent for removal of Pb+2, Cd+2, and Ni+2 ions from an aqueous medium. The characterization of GO//Fe3O4@AP was carried out by advanced techniques such as FTIR, TEM, SEM–EDS, XRD, surface area, Zeta potential, and particle size. The experiments were conducted in batch mode to investigate the influence of parameters viz. adsorbent dose, contact time, pH, and initial concentration on adsorption process. The optimized dose and concentration were found in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 g and 80 to 120 mg L−1 for Pb+2, Cd+2, and Ni+2 ion adsorption using GO/Fe3O4@AP. The pH optimization study revealed that the adsorption of metal ions on GO/Fe3O4@AP was pH dependent. Adsorption isotherm models were applied to adsorption data, and Langmuir was found the most suitable for all metal ions. The highest adsorption capacities for Pb+2, Cd+2, and Ni+2 were calculated as 43.5, 27.7, and 19.2 mg g−1 respectively. The regeneration cycles of 4, 4, and 2 were optimized for Pb+2, Cd+2, and Ni+2 with removal efficiency of > 50%.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to the Director CSIR-NEERI and CSIR-IHBT for providing research facility for this study. Also, Mrs. Avnesh Kumari is acknowledged for assistance in SEM and TEM analysis.

Funding

This research work was conducted under the financial support of the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, India

    Piar Chand

  2. Cleaner Technology and Modelling Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India

    Yogesh Pakade

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  1. Piar Chand
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Contributions

Synthesis, characterization: PC; supervision, MS editing: YP; conceptualization: YP; methodology: YP, experiments: PC and YP; MS writing original draft preparation: YP and PC; writing, review and editing: YP and PC.

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Correspondence to Yogesh Pakade.

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Chand, P., Pakade, Y. Decontamination of toxic Pb+2, Cd+2, and Ni+2 from the liquid medium using modified apple juice industrial biomass: isotherm and kinetic study. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 10843–10854 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03339-7

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