Abstract
The biomass of a yeast stain of Wickerhamomyces anomalus was evaluated as a natural biosorbent for the removal of Acid Red14 dye (AR14) in batch experiments. The outcome revealed a maximum biosorption capacity of 71.37 mg g−1. Biosorption kinetic followed both the pseudo-second-order and intra-particle-diffusion model, while thermodynamic parameters showed a spontaneous and endothermic nature of the biosorption process. The Freundlich model was the best-fitting isotherms, suggesting a monolayer biosorption via chemisorption at homogeneous sites on the yeast surface. Next, the physicochemical characterization of W. anomalus biomass before and after biosorption using scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray spectroscopy, and the Fourier-transforms infrared spectroscopy indicated the involvement of various functional groups (amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, and carbonyl groups) in AR14-biosorption. Also, the zeta potential of cells at a negative charge, and the acidic value of the zero-charge point confirmed the predominance of anionic groups in the cell wall. Hence, H-binding, π-π, and n-π interactions are likely to participate in the biosorption mechanism. Additionally, the influence of batch conditions on the decolorization capacity was statically screened and optimized using Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken design, respectively. Results show that biomass dosage is the significant factor having a positive influence on the discoloration rate, while a negative correlation was found for dye concentration and high pH values. Maximum decolorization (77%) was achieved at pH level (3–4), with dye concentrations (50–75 mg L−1) and yeast biomass 1.25 g L−1. These results suggest that W. anomalus might be exploited as an effective, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly biosorbent.
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References
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Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), and the Regional University Centre of Interface (CURI), Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University for their financial and technical support.
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Danouche M.: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, writing—original draft, visualization, writing—review and editing
El Arroussi H.: supervision, writing—review and editing, resources, funding acquisition
El Ghachtouli N.: supervision, writing—review and editing, validation, funding acquisition, project leading
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Danouche, M., El Arroussi, H. & El Ghachtouli, N. Bioremoval of Acid Red 14 dye by Wickerhamomyces anomalus biomass: kinetic and thermodynamic study, characterization of physicochemical interactions, and statistical optimization of the biosorption process. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 2829–2848 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02711-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02711-x