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Upgrading of pyrolysis oil via catalytic co-pyrolysis of treated palm oil empty fruit bunch and plastic waste

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Abstract

Pyrolysis oil has been produced and upgraded through the co-pyrolysis of treated palm oil empty fruit bunch (PO-EFB) and plastic waste of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) using calcium oxide (CaO) as a catalyst. The treated PO-EFBs were mixed with the LDPE plastics with PO-EFB weight ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75. The mixtures were put into the co-pyrolysis reactor and heat-treated at 400–550 °C with nitrogen gas flowing for 45 min. The CaO catalysts used were varied in the range of 1–5%. The chemical compositions, density, acidity, viscosity, and calorific value were probed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), pycnometer, digital pH-meter, Ostwald viscometer, and bomb calorimeter, respectively. The results showed that the addition of LDPE plastics increased the yield and the quality of pyrolysis oil. Meanwhile, the increase in co-pyrolysis temperature decreased the yield of pyrolysis oil but increased the quality of pyrolysis oil. The best result was shown by the process using PO-EFB/LDPE ratio of 25:75 and 3% CaO catalyst at a temperature of 450 °C with compositions of 71.36% hydrocarbons and 28.64% alcohol. The resulting pyrolysis oil had a heating value of 43.5 MJ/kg, the density of 0.817 g/mL, a viscosity of 2.82 cSt, and a pH of 4.6.

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Acknowledgements

The authors also appreciate the help of Ricky Martin during the manuscript preparation.

Funding

This study is financially supported by Riau University via the research grant of research and community service institutions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Riau University, Kampus Bina Widya KM 12,5, 28293, Pekanbaru, Indonesia

    Sunarno Sunarno, Ida Zahrina, Widia Riski Nanda & Amun Amri

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  1. Sunarno Sunarno
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  2. Ida Zahrina
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  3. Widia Riski Nanda
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  4. Amun Amri
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Correspondence to Sunarno Sunarno.

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Sunarno, S., Zahrina, I., Nanda, W.R. et al. Upgrading of pyrolysis oil via catalytic co-pyrolysis of treated palm oil empty fruit bunch and plastic waste. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02243-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02243-w

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