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To enhance the Cd2+ adsorption capacity on coconut shell-derived biochar by chitosan modifying: performance and mechanism

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Abstract

In this study, by using coconut shell and chitosan (CS) as raw materials, mesoporous chitosan@coconut shell-derived biochar composites (CS@BC) were prepared and were used for Cd2+ removal from aqueous solutions. The tests of SEM, BET, XRD, FTIR, and XPS were used to identify the adsorbent structure and adsorption mechanisms. Batch adsorption experiments shown that the Cd2+ adsorption by biochar was strongly dependent on the initial pH of the solution. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model can describe the process of Cd2+ adsorption by biochars more accurately, which indicated that the adsorption process was a chemical reaction and single-layer adsorption. Under the conditions of initial pH 5.0, dosage 10 mg, contact time 360 min, and temperature 25 °C, the maximum Cd2+ adsorption capacity of BC and CS@BC was 48.84 mg/g and 63.88 mg/g, respectively. Notably, the Cd2+ removal efficiency of CS@BC in three different water bodies was almost 100%. In addition, after 5 times of adsorption-desorption experiments, the Cd2+ removal efficiency of CS@BC remained above 90%, which indicated that CS@BC had excellent regenerative properties. The adsorption mechanisms of Cd2+ by BC and CS@BC were mainly attributed to ion exchange (Qex), co-precipitation (Qpre), complexation with O-containing functional groups (Qco), and Cd2+-π interaction (Qπ). Hence, inexpensive, readily available and simply prepared CS@BC composites were highly efficient adsorbent materials that can be applied for the removal of Cd2+ from aqueous solutions.

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Acknowledgements

This work is not supported by the fund, but we are very grateful to University of South China.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Water Engineering and Science, School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People’s Republic of China

    Guanhai Mo & Jiang Xiao

  2. Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People’s Republic of China

    Guanhai Mo & Jiang Xiao

  3. Powerchina Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited, Changsha, 410000, People’s Republic of China

    Xiang Gao

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  1. Guanhai Mo
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Guanhai Mo: investigation; data analysis; methodology; software; supervision; writing, original draft; review and editing. Jiang Xiao: investigation, data analysis, review and editing. Xiang Gao: investigation, validation, resources.

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Mo, G., Xiao, J. & Gao, X. To enhance the Cd2+ adsorption capacity on coconut shell-derived biochar by chitosan modifying: performance and mechanism. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 16737–16752 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02155-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02155-9

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