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Adsorption of Cd(II) From Aqueous Solutions by Modified Biochars: Comparison of Modification Methods

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Abstract

In this study, adsorption experiments on Cd(II) ions in aqueous solution by biochars pyrolyzed from millet bran (MBBC) at 400~800 °C were carried out and MBBC had superior adsorption performance at pyrolysis temperature of 600~800 °C. Then, biochars were modified by potassium permanganate (MBBC-PP), potassium ferrate (MBBC-PF), and citric acid (MBBC-CA). The results showed that the adsorption capacities of these adsorbents were in the order: MBBC-PP > MBBC-PF > MBBC-CA > MBBC. FT-IR, XRD, and Raman were used to determine the characteristics of biochars and explore the main adsorption mechanism causing by modification. These characterizations confirmed that manganese oxide and iron oxide particles were loaded on the surface of MBBC-PP and MBBC-PF, respectively. For MBBC-PP and MBBC-PF, the adsorption sites generated by the loaded metal oxides play more important role than other factors in Cd(II) adsorption. For MBBC-CA, surface functional groups were the main contributor during Cd(II) adsorption. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrate a Langmuir model fit for Cd(II). The sorption kinetics of Cd(II) on adsorbents follows pseudo-second-order kinetics. Modified biochars, especially the one modified by KMnO4, could act as effective alternatives to enhance heavy metals removal from aqueous solutions.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 185206002, No. 201809706019) and the Science and Technology Infrastructure Program of Hubei Province of China (No. 2015BCA304).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China

    Yue Qiu, Qian Zhang, Meng Li, Zixi Fan, Wenjiao Sang & Chenfeiyang Xie

  2. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People’s Republic of China

    Dongyuan Niu

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  1. Yue Qiu
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  2. Qian Zhang
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  3. Meng Li
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  7. Dongyuan Niu
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Correspondence to Qian Zhang.

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Qiu, Y., Zhang, Q., Li, M. et al. Adsorption of Cd(II) From Aqueous Solutions by Modified Biochars: Comparison of Modification Methods. Water Air Soil Pollut 230, 84 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-019-4135-8

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