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Cured epoxy resin synthesized using acetone-soluble lignin and ligno-p-cresol obtained from steam-exploded wheat straw

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to synthesize a bio-based cured epoxy resin using acetone-soluble lignin, a low-molecular-weight lignin, obtained from steam-exploded wheat straw. Wheat straw, an agricultural waste, was steam-exploded at a steam pressure of 2.5 MPa (225 °C) for a steaming time of 5 min, following which it was extracted first with water and then with acetone, to obtain low-molecular-weight lignin. Lignin epoxy resin was synthesized by the reaction of acetone-soluble lignin with epichlorohydrin and then cross-linked with two kinds of curing agents, acetone-soluble lignin or petroleum-derived phenol novolac, to obtain cured lignin epoxy resins. Furthermore, ligno-p-cresol epoxy resin was synthesized using lingo-p-cresol that is made of acetone-soluble lignin and p-cresol, to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of the cured epoxy resin, using ligno-p-cresol epoxy resin instead of lignin epoxy resin. The thermal decomposition temperatures at 5% weight loss and the tensile strength of all lignin-derived bio-based curing epoxy resins obtained in this study exceeded 250 °C and 27 MPa, respectively, which are required for application in the electronic substrate material field. The cured epoxy resin synthesized from EP828 (a commercial fossil resource-derived epoxy resin) and ligno-p-cresol increased 10% weight loss and tensile strength, compared to that synthesized from EP828 and acetone-soluble lignin. Additionally, its tensile strength was almost the same as that of the fossil resource-derived cured epoxy resin synthesized from EP828 and TD2131 (a commercial fossil resource-derived curing agent).

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A) (Grant No. 17H04717) and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (Grant No. 20H00664) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan. Furthermore, we would like to thank Ms. Maki Nakamura for NMR spectra analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan

    Chikako Asada & Yoshitoshi Nakamura

  2. Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan

    Megumi Fujii

  3. Department of Post-LED Photonics Research, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan

    Akihiro Suzuki

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  1. Chikako Asada
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  2. Megumi Fujii
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Correspondence to Chikako Asada or Yoshitoshi Nakamura.

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Asada, C., Fujii, M., Suzuki, A. et al. Cured epoxy resin synthesized using acetone-soluble lignin and ligno-p-cresol obtained from steam-exploded wheat straw. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 10495–10504 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02032-5

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