Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of nanoparticles on the droplet combustion of rice bran oil biodiesel

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present study is dealt with the phenomenon of combustion for rice bran oil (RBO) methyl ester blends with diesel along with nanoparticles of magnelium. Nanoparticles composition of 25 ppm, 50 ppm, and 75 ppm are added to blends of B20, B40, and B60 in the study. A conversion rate of 89.64 ± 2.8% is observed during the transesterification reaction performed at 5 wt% of potassium hydroxide (KOH) catalyst, 10:1 alcohol to oil ratio (methanol), 75 °C reaction temperature, and 60 min reaction time. During the combustion study, few samples displayed the puffing characteristics, which are caused by popping of bubbles at lower pressure. The summary of the present study suggested that blend B20 with 25 ppm nanoparticles has the potential to be used as fuel and further proposed that the fuel will be more economical if the injection droplet diameter is 0.77 mm. Other blends like B20 with 75 ppm are also likely to be used as fuel due to its exhibition of lesser threat towards combustion. Bubble formation followed by micro-explosion is observed in B60 with 25 ppm blend. The present study hoped to enrich future researchers working in similar area for signifying the importance of understanding droplet combustion of biofuels.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

RBO:

Rice bran oil

B20:

20% methyl ester with 80% diesel

B40:

40% methyl ester with 60% diesel

B60:

60% methyl ester with 40% diesel

KOH:

Potassium hydroxide

ppm:

Parts per million

Al2O3 :

Aluminum oxide

SiO2 :

Silicon dioxide

TiO2 :

Titanium dioxide

K:

Kelvin

B:

Boron

Fe:

Iron

Al:

Aluminum

Cu:

Copper

CuO:

Copper oxide

KIO4 :

Potassium periodate

CTAB :

Cetyl trimetyl ammonium bromide

CNT:

Carbon nanotubes

ASTM:

American society of testing and Materials

References

  1. Singh TS, Verma TN (2019) Taguchi design approach for extraction of methyl ester from waste cooking oil using synthesized CaO as heterogeneous catalyst: response surface methodology optimization. Energy Convers Manag 182:383–397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Singh TS, Verma TN (2019) An assessment study of using Turel Kongreng (river mussels) as a source of heterogeneous catalyst for biofuel production. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 20:101185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Singh TS, Verma TN (2019) An analysis on the effect of temperature on the morphology of egg shell CaO catalyst: catalyst production for biodiesel preparation. Sci Iran (Accepted)

  4. Singh TS, Verma TN (2019) Biodiesel production from Momordica charantia (L.): extraction and engine characteristics. Energy 189:116198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Singh TS, Verma TN (2020) Singh H N. A lab scale waste to energy conversion study for pyrolysis with and without catalyst: engine emissions testing study. Fuel 277:118176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Rajak U, Nashine P, Singh TS, Verma TN (2018) Numerical investigation of performance, combustion and emission characteristics of various biofuels. Energy Convers Manag 156:235–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Krishania N, Rajak U, Chaurasiya PK, Singh TS, Birru AK, Verma TN (2020) Investigations of spirulina, waste cooking and animal fats blended biodiesel fuel on auto-ignition diesel engine performance, emission characteristics. Fuel 276:118123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Samuel OD, Okwu MO, Amosun ST, Verma TN, Afolalu SA (2019) Production of fatty acid ethyl esters from rubber seed oil in hydrodynamic cavitation reactor: study of reaction parameters and some fuel properties. Ind Crop Prod 141:111658

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Ningthoujam R, Naorem R, Langpokpam D, Singh TS, Verma TN (2020) Base transesterification of ineffectual soybean oil using lab scale synthesized CaO catalyst. In: Voruganti H, Kumar K, Krishna P, Jin X (eds) Advances in applied mechanical engineering. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1201-8_79

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Subhaschandra Singh T, Verma TN (2019) Impact of tri-fuel on compression ignition engine emissions: blends of waste frying oil–alcohol–diesel. In: Agarwal A, Gautam A, Sharma N, Singh A (eds) Methanol and the alternate fuel economy. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kumar S, Dinesha P, Ajay CM, Kabbur P (2020) Combined effect of oxygenated liquid and metal oxide nanoparticle fuel additives on the combustion characteristics of a biodiesel engine operated with higher blend percentages. Energy 197:117194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ağbulut Ü, Karagöz M, Sarıdemir S, Öztürk A (2020) Impact of various metal-oxide based nanoparticles and biodiesel blends on the combustion, performance, emission, vibration and noise characteristics of a CI engine. Fuel 270:117521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kalaimurugan K, Karthikeyan S, Periyasamy M, Dharmaprabhakaran T (2020) Combustion analysis of CuO2 nanoparticles addition with neochloris oleoabundans algae biodiesel on CI engine. Mater Today Proc 33 (7): 2573-2576

  14. Mehregan M, Moghiman M (2020) Experimental investigation of the distinct effects of nanoparticles addition and urea-SCR after-treatment system on NOx emissions in a blended-biodiesel fueled internal combustion engine. Fuel 262:116609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Soudagar MEM et al (2019) The effects of graphene oxide nanoparticle additive stably dispersed in dairy scum oil biodiesel-diesel fuel blend on CI engine: performance, emission and combustion characteristics. Fuel 257:116015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ranjan A, Dawn SS, Jayaprabakar J, Nirmala N, Saikiran K, Sai Sriram S (2018) Experimental investigation on effect of MgO nanoparticles on cold flow properties, performance, emission and combustion characteristics of waste cooking oil biodiesel. Fuel 220:780–791

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Örs I, Sarıkoç S, Atabani AE, Ünalan S, Akansu SO (2018) The effects on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of DICI engine fueled with TiO2 nanoparticles addition in diesel/biodiesel/n-butanol blends. Fuel 234:177–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Ambekar A, Maurya AK, Chowdhury A (2018) Droplet combustion studies of nitromethane and its blends. Exp Thermal Fluid Sci 93:431–440

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ambekar A, Chowdhury A, Challa S, Radhakrishna D (2014) Droplet combustion studies of hydrocarbon-monopropellant blends. Fuel 115:697–705

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Nakaya S, Segawa D, Nagashima Y, Furuta T (2011) Combustion behaviors of isolated n-decane and ethanol droplets in carbon dioxide-rich ambience under microgravity. Proc Combust Inst 33:2031–2038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Li TX, Zhu DL, Akafuah NK, Saito A, Law CK (2011) Synthesis, droplet combustion, and sooting characteristics of biodiesel produced from waste vegetable oils. Proc Combust Inst 33:2039–2046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Gan Y, Qiao L (2011) Combustion characteristics of fuel droplets with addition of nano and micro-sized particles. Combust Flame 158:354–368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Gan Y, Lim YS, Qiao L (2012) Combustion of nano fluid fuels with the addition of boron and iron particles at dilute and dense concentrations. Combust Flame 159:1732–1740

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Zhu M, Ma Y (2013) Effect of a homogeneous combustion catalyst on combustion characteristics of single droplets of diesel and biodiesel. Proc Combust Inst 34:1537–1544

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Javed I, Wook S, Waheed K (2014) Effects of dense concentrations of aluminum nanoparticles on the evaporation behavior of kerosene droplet at elevated temperatures: The phenomenon of micro-explosion. Exp Thermal Fluid Sci 56:33–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Ghafoori M, Ghobadian B, Najafi G, Layeghi M, Rashidi A, Mamat R (2015) Effect of nano-particles on the performance and emission of a diesel engine using biodiesel-diesel blend. Int J Automot Mech Eng 12 (1): 3097–3108

  27. Basu S, Miglani A (2016) Combustion and heat transfer characteristics of nano fluid fuel droplets. Int J Heat Mass Transf 96:482–503

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhu M, Zhang ZZY, Setyawan H, Liu P, Zhang D (2017) An experimental study of the ignition and combustion characteristics of single droplets of biochar-glycerol-water slurry fuels. Proc Combust Inst 36(2):2475–2482

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhang Y,  Fan W, Zhang R, Xu H, Lei H (2017) Effect of the ambient temperature and oxygen concentration in droplet combustion under natural convection conditions. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 94: 012103

  30. Xu Y, Hicks MC, Avesdisian CT (2017) The combustion of iso-octane droplets with initial diameters from 0.5 to 5 mm: effects on burning rate and flame extinction. Proc Combust Inst 36:2541–2548

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Guerieri PM, Rohit JJ, Delisio JB, Rehwoldt MC, Zachariah MR (2018) Stabilized microparticle aggregates of oxygen-containing nano-particles in kerosene for enhanced droplet combustion. Combust Flame 187:77–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Ojha PK, Karmakar S (2018) Boron liquid fuel engines- a review on synthesis, dispersion stability in liquid fuel, and combustion aspects. Prog Aerosp Sci 100:18–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Li H, Rosebrock CD, Wriedt T, Madler L (2019) Single droplet combustion of precursor/solvent solutions for nanoparticle production: optical diagnostics on single isolated burning droplets with micro-explosions. Proc Combust Inst 37:1203–1211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Hoang AT et al (2021) Rice bran oil-based biodiesel as a promising renewable fuel alternative to petrodiesel: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 135:110204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Umer R, Junaid A, Ibrahim RYM, Masood H, Syam AM (2014) Momordica charantia seed oil methyl esters: a kinetic study and fuel properties. Int J Green Energy 11(7): 727–740

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Elumalai PV, Nambiraj M, Parthasarathy M, Balasubramanian D, Hariharan V, Jayakar J (2021) Experimental investigation to reduce environmental pollutants using biofuel nano-water emulsion in thermal barrier coated engine. Fuel 285:119200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Parthasarathy M et al (2020) Performance analysis of HCCI engine powered by tamanu methyl ester with various inlet air temperature and exhaust gas recirculation ratios. Fuel 282:118833

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Elumalai PV, Dhinesh B, Parthasarathy M, Pradeepkumar AR, Iqbal SM, Jayakar J, Nambiraj M (2020) An experimental study on harmful pollution reduction technique in low heat rejection engine fuelled with blends of pre-heated linseed oil and nano additive. J Clean Prod: 124617

  39. Sivalingam A et al (2019) Citrullus colocynthis - an experimental investigation with enzymatic lipase based methyl esterified biodiesel. Heat Mass Transf 55(12):3613–3631

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Perumal Venkatesan E et al (2019) Performance and emission reduction characteristics of cerium oxide nanoparticle-water emulsion biofuel in diesel engine with modified coated piston. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(26):27362–27371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Perumal Venkatesan E, Kandhasamy A, Subramani L, Sivalingam A, Senthil Kumar A (2018) Experimental investigation on lemongrass oil water emulsion in low heat rejection direct ignition diesel engine. J Test Eval 47(1):238–255

    Google Scholar 

  42. Rajak U, Nashine P, Verma TN, Pugazhendhi A (2020) Performance and emission analysis of a diesel engine using hydrogen enriched n-butanol, diethyl ester and Spirulina microalgae biodiesel. Fuel 271:117645

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Krishania N, Rajak U, Nath Verma T, Kumar Birru A, Pugazhendhi A (2020) Effect of microalgae, tyre pyrolysis oil and Jatropha biodiesel enriched with diesel fuel on performance and emission characteristics of CI engine. Fuel 278:118252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Rajak U, Nashine P, Chaurasiya PK, Verma TN, Patel DK, Dwivedi G (2021) Experimental & predicative analysis of engine characteristics of various biodiesels. Fuel 285:119097

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Rajak U, Chaurasiya PK, Nashine P, Verma M, Reddy Kota T, Verma TN (2020) Financial assessment, performance and emission analysis of Moringa oleifera and Jatropha curcas methyl ester fuel blends in a single-cylinder diesel engine. Energy Convers Manag 224:113362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Rajak U, Nashine P, Verma TN, Pugazhendhi A (2019) Alternating the environmental benefits of Aegle-diesel blends used in compression ignition. Fuel 256:115835

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Shrivastava P, Verma TN, Pugazhendhi A (2019) An experimental evaluation of engine performance and emission characteristics of CI engine operated with Roselle and Karanja biodiesel. Fuel 254:115652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Shrivastava P, Salam S, Verma TN, Samuel OD (2020) Experimental and empirical analysis of an IC engine operating with ternary blends of diesel, karanja and roselle biodiesel. Fuel 262:116608

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Shrivastava P, Verma TN (2020) Effect of fuel injection pressure on the characteristics of CI engine fuelled with biodiesel from Roselle oil. Fuel 265:117005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Shrivastava P, Verma T N (2020) An experimental investigation into engine characteristics fueled with Lal ambari biodiesel and its blends. Therm Sci Eng Prog 17: 100356

  51. Shrivastava P, Verma TN, David Samuel O, Pugazhendhi A (2020) An experimental investigation on engine characteristics, cost and energy analysis of CI engine fuelled with Roselle, Karanja biodiesel and its blends. Fuel 275:117891

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Nizami A-S, Rehan M (2018) Towards nanotechnology-based biofuel industry. Biofuel Res J 5(2): 798–799

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha H et al (2019) Effects of aqueous carbon nanoparticles as a novel nanoadditive in water-emulsified diesel/biodiesel blends on performance and emissions parameters of a diesel engine. Energy Convers Manag 196:1153–1166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Khalife E, Tabatabaei M, Najafi B, Mirsalim SM, Gharehghani A, Mohammadi P, Aghbashlo M, Ghaffari A, Khounani Z, Shojaei TR, Salleh MAM (2017) A novel emulsion fuel containing aqueous nano cerium oxide additive in diesel–biodiesel blends to improve diesel engines performance and reduce exhaust emissions: Part I – experimental analysis. Fuel 207: 741–750

  55. Ghazani SM Marangoni AG (2016) Healthy Fats and Oils. In: Wrigley C, Corke H, Seetharaman K, J. B. T.-E. of F. G. (Second E. Faubion (eds) Academic Press, Oxford, 257–267

  56. Mingyai S, Kettawan A, Srikaeo K, Singanusong R (2017) Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of rice bran oils produced from colored rice using different extraction methods. J Oleo Sci 66(6): 565–572

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nandha Engineering College, Erode, 638052, India

    Muthukumar M

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641004, India

    Senthil Kumar A P

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, 638401, India

    Sasikumar C

  4. Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore, 641022, India

    Yuvaraj S

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Imphal West, 795004, India

    Thokchom Subhaschandra Singh

Authors
  1. Muthukumar M
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Senthil Kumar A P
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sasikumar C
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yuvaraj S
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Thokchom Subhaschandra Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muthukumar M.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Highlights

• Rice bran oil (RBO) is transesterified using KOH to produce methyl esters and  the conversion rate is achieved to be 89.64 ± 2.8%

• Rice bran oil methyl ester is blended  with mineral diesel to produce B20, B40, and B60 blend.

• Magnelium nanoparticles are added to the blend at 25 ppm, 50 ppm, and 75 ppm.

• Droplet combustion study of the fuel mixtures are conducted, and  the summary of results are obtained.

• The characteristics of puffing, which are caused by the popping of bubbles at lower pressure are observed in few samples.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Muthukumar M, Senthil Kumar A P, Sasikumar C et al. Effect of nanoparticles on the droplet combustion of rice bran oil biodiesel. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 11, 1375–1393 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01209-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01209-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation