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Pretreatment technologies of lignocellulosic biomass in water in view of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural production- A review

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Abstract

Lignocellulosic biomasses are strongly connected composites of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. A pretreatment is required in order to make these components available for their later conversion into chemicals. At this point, two strategies have to be considered: to either produce chemicals via microorganism or enzymes (1), or by chemical conversion (2). The focus of this article is the second strategy, which is chemical conversion, performed in water to produce the final products furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Reviewed first is the composition of cellulose and hemicelluloses as well as their degradation chemistry in water. Then, fundamental modes of action and process parameters of pretreatment methods in aqueous solution are summarized. The pretreatment methods discussed here are steam explosion, treatment with hot liquid water, diluted and concentrated acids, as well as alkaline solutions. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of these pretreatments are discussed for lignocellulosic biomass.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (FNR project number 22027811) based on a decision of the German Bundestag. We also thank Diego López Barreiro for helpful discussions.

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  1. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Catalysis Research and Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

    David Steinbach & Jörg Sauer

  2. Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Conversion Technology and Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Resources, University Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany

    Andrea Kruse

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  1. David Steinbach
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Correspondence to David Steinbach.

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In memory of Michael J. Antal.

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Steinbach, D., Kruse, A. & Sauer, J. Pretreatment technologies of lignocellulosic biomass in water in view of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural production- A review. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 7, 247–274 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-017-0243-0

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