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Review on Ti3C2-Based MXene Nanosheets for Flexible Electrodes

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Abstract

MXenes have recently gained significant attention owing to their exceptional metallic electrical conductivity, good chemical inertness, and excellent hydrophilicity. Among the various two-dimensional MXenes, which are made up of atomic layers of transition metal carbides and nitrides, Ti3C2Tx is one of the most promising and versatile materials for application in various electronic devices. In fact, there has been a rising trend of using Ti3C2-based MXene nanosheets as flexible electrodes for different electronic devices. Ti3C2-based MXenes have shown the potential to be utilized as flexible and conductive electrodes in electrical energy storage devices, light-emitting devices, photodetectors, and flexible strain sensors. Thus, this review focuses on Ti3C2-based MXene nanosheets and MXene/polymer composite films, which are widely used as flexible and electrode layers in electronic devices, such as supercapacitors, solar cells, light-emitting devices, energy harvesting devices, power generating devices, and flexible strain sensors. First, we have briefly discussed the structure, conductivity, work function, and synthesis processes of Ti3C2 nanosheets based on the most recently published research articles. Then, we discussed the recent advances in the modification methods for Ti3C2-based MXenes to render them suitable for application as conductive electrode layers in various flexible electronic devices. The last section highlights the current challenges in the development and application of Ti3C2-based MXenes and future perspectives.

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Fig. 1

Source: Lens Scholarly Search, LENS.ORG

Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Copyright 2016 Wiley. Fabrication of the MXene/nanofiber composite nanosheet. c. MXene prepared from Ti3AlC2 precursors using the HF etching method. d. The ANFs were prepared from commercial Kevlar yarns using the KOH/DMSO exfoliation process. e. The photograph of the flexible, free-standing, paper-like MXene/ANF composite nanosheets prepared using the VAF technique. Reprinted with permission from [52]. Copyright 2019 Nature Publications

Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. c. Fabrication process of the Ti3C2Tx/rGO hybrid film. d. Photographs of the stable Ti3C2Tx–water, GO–water, and Ti3C2Tx/GO–water dispersions and flexible Ti3C2Tx/GO film (diameter, 5 cm) with its thickness measurements. e. Schematic of the flexible integrated ECSD. f. The digital image of the flexible ECSD. Visual images of an LED light control using the ECSD with three tandem supercapacitors under light irradiation (g) and in the dark (h). Reproduced with permission from [75]. Copyright 2017 RSC

Fig. 7

Copyright 2020, WILEY–VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. e. Photograph of the PL-MXene electrode on the flexible PET substrate. f. Device architecture of the AC-EL display, characteristics of PL-MXene as the electrode layer, and SEM cross-sectional image of the ZnS:Cu/PDMS composite layer. g. Luminance of the flexible inorganic AC-EL displays with pure MXene and PL-MXene electrodes as a function of the number of bending cycles. The inset shows the photograph of the PL-MXene AC-EL display. Reproduced with permission from [78]. Copyright 2021, ACS Publications

Fig. 8

Copyright 2018 ACS Publications. d. Schematic for the preparation of a flexible MXene-coated textile fabric electrode. e. Ti3C2Tx nanosheets and adhesion tests A “Li–S” shaped string containing 30 LEDs lit by a soft-packaged Li–S battery with the MF@Ti3C2Tx/S50 electrode at the bending angles of 0° (f) and 360° (g). h. Cycling performance of the MF@Ti3C2Tx/S50 electrode. Reproduced with permission from [80], Copyright 2021 RSC Publications

Fig. 9

Copyright 2021Elsevier Ltd.. Schematic of the TENG sensor with nylon and PVDF/MXene as the positive and negative layers, respectively. f. Schematic of the TENG with rectifier circuit, the photograph of an LED series with more than 120 LEDs, which turned ON when the TENG sensor detected an easy hand tapping movement. Reprinted with permission from [84]. Copyright 2021 Elsevier Ltd

Fig. 10

Copyright 2021 Elsevier Ltd. Skin-like PVA/MXene hybrid thin film. e. Schematic for the formation of the skin-like PVA/MXene hybrid thin film with the cross-linked structure. f. Photograph of the PVA/MXene hybrid nanofilm. In-vivo mice study: Schematic (g) and photograph (h) of the pressure sensor attached to the heart of the mice. Reproduced with permission from [86]. Copyright 2021 Elsevier Ltd

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Industry Technology R&D program (20006467) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea). This work was also supported by National University Development Project in 2020.

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  1. School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea

    Jagan Singh Meena, Su Bin Choi & Jong-Woong Kim

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  1. Jagan Singh Meena
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Meena, J.S., Choi, S.B. & Kim, JW. Review on Ti3C2-Based MXene Nanosheets for Flexible Electrodes. Electron. Mater. Lett. 18, 256–274 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13391-022-00337-9

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