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Comparative Study of Biological (Phoenix loureiroi Fruit) and Chemical Synthesis of Chitosan-Encapsulated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and their Biological Properties

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Abstract

In the present study, the effect of in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic properties was investigated in the biologically and chemically synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO)- and chitosan (CTS)-encapsulated ZnO (ZnO–CTS) nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were biologically synthesized using Phoenix loureiroi fruit and characterized using Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, field emission scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and ultra violet-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The biologically synthesized ZnO–CTS nanoparticles (B-ZnO–CTS) results revealed good chemical structure (H–N–H, O–H, C=O, Zn and O groups), crystalline size (18 nm), morphology (spherical), elemental composition (Zn = 61.10%; O = 25.86%; C = 13.04%) and optical properties (λ = 374 nm; Eg = 3.18 eV). The B-ZnO–CTS also exhibited higher DPPH· (IC50 = 419.32 µg/mL), ABTS·+ (45.61%), nitric oxide (21.28%), hydroxyl radical (77.10%) scavenging activities and superoxide anion radical production (27.89%). The cytotoxicity of B-ZnO–CTS revealed less hemolytic property (2.17%) and inhibited the Caco-2 cancerous cell viability (IC50 = 70.45 µg/mL). In conclusion, biological synthesis presents better prospects in pharmacotherapeutic applications in nano-herbal drug delivery.

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Acknowledgements

The author (Murugan Rajan) acknowledges the support of Programa Nacional de Pós-doutorado (PNPD/CAPES-086/2013), Brazil, for postdoctoral fellowship. The authors also acknowledge Defence Research and Development Organization Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, to carry out the characterization analysis.

Funding

Funding was provided by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (573781/2008-7).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Flavor and Chromatographic Analysis, Federal University of Sergipe, S/N, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil

    Murugan Rajan & Narendra Narain

  2. DRDO, Bharathiar University-Centre for Life Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Allen Joseph Anthuvan & Naveen Kumar Kalagatur

  3. Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 046, India

    Kasipandi Muniyandi, Saikumar Sathyanarayanan & Parimelazhagan Thangaraj

  4. Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil

    Saravanan Shanmugam

  5. Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Viswanathan Chinnuswamy

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  1. Murugan Rajan
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Rajan, M., Anthuvan, A.J., Muniyandi, K. et al. Comparative Study of Biological (Phoenix loureiroi Fruit) and Chemical Synthesis of Chitosan-Encapsulated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and their Biological Properties. Arab J Sci Eng 45, 15–28 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-04174-1

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