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A comprehensive data-driven analysis framework for detecting impairments in brain function networks with resting state fMRI in HIV-infected individuals on cART

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Abstract

Central nervous system (CNS) sequelae continue to be common in HIV-infected individuals despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). These sequelae include HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and virologic persistence in the CNS. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) is a widely used tool to examine the integrity of brain function and pathology. In this study, we examined 16 HIV-positive (HIV+) subjects and 12 age, sex, and race matched HIV seronegative controls (HIV−) whole-brain high-resolution rsfMRI along with a battery of neurocognitive tests. A comprehensive data-driven analysis of rsfMRI revealed impaired functional connectivity, with very large effect sizes in executive function, language, and multisensory processing networks in HIV+ subjects. These results indicate the potential of high-resolution rsfMRI in combination with advanced data analysis techniques to yield biomarkers of neural impairment in HIV.

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Funding

National Institutes of Health K23 MH095679, R21 MH118092, R01 AG062387 (Principal Investigator: A. Anderson), and K24 MH097673 (Principal Investigator: S. Letendre). The study was also supported by a grant and support from the Emory Center for AIDS Research (NIH P30AI050409).

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Author notes

  1. Sheeba Arnold Anteraper and Kaundinya Gopinath are co-first authors, who made equal contributions to the paper

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Kaundinya Gopinath, Michael J. Hoch & Albert M. Anderson

  2. Emory University School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Drenna Waldrop-Valverde

  3. University of California At San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA

    Donald Franklin & Scott L. Letendre

  4. Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

    Sheeba Arnold Anteraper & Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli

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  1. Sheeba Arnold Anteraper
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Correspondence to Albert M. Anderson.

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Anteraper, S.A., Gopinath, K., Hoch, M.J. et al. A comprehensive data-driven analysis framework for detecting impairments in brain function networks with resting state fMRI in HIV-infected individuals on cART. J. Neurovirol. 27, 239–248 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-021-00943-7

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