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Role of the macrophage in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and other comorbidities in patients on effective antiretroviral treatment

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Abstract

Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has altered the outcomes of HIV infection in treated populations by greatly reducing the incidence of opportunistic infections, cancer, and HIV-associated dementia. Despite these benefits, treated patients remain at high risk of chronic diseases affecting the peripheral organs and brain. Generally, these morbidities are attributed to persistence of latent HIV in resting T cells, chronic inflammation, and metabolic effects of ART. This review makes the case that monocytes/macrophages warrant attention as persistent reservoirs of HIV under ART, source of systemic and brain inflammation, and important targets for HIV eradication to control chronic HIV diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Medicine Education and Research Building–Room 746 MERB, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA

    Jay Rappaport

  2. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA

    David J. Volsky

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Correspondence to Jay Rappaport or David J. Volsky.

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This article is supported by grants from the NIMH and NIDA, National Institutes of Health, to JR and DJV.

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Rappaport, J., Volsky, D.J. Role of the macrophage in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and other comorbidities in patients on effective antiretroviral treatment. J. Neurovirol. 21, 235–241 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-015-0346-y

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