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Antimicrobial nanomedicine for ocular bacterial and fungal infection

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Abstract

Ocular infection induced by bacteria and fungi is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. Topical administration of antibiotics remains the first-line treatment, as effective eradication of pathogens is the core of the anti-infection strategy. Whereas, eye drops lack efficiency and have relatively low bioavailability. Intraocular injection may cause concurrent ocular damage and secondary infection. In addition, antibiotic-based management can be limited by the low sensitivity to multidrug-resistant bacteria. Nanomedicine is proposed as a prospective, effective, and noninvasive platform to mediate ocular delivery and combat pathogen or even resistant strains. Nanomedicine can not only carry antimicrobial agents to fight against pathogens but also directly active microbicidal capability, killing pathogens. More importantly, by modification, nanomedicine can achieve enhanced residence time and release time on the cornea, and easy penetration through corneal tissues into anterior and posterior segments of the eye, thus improving the therapeutic effect for ocular infection. In this review, several categories of antimicrobial nanomedicine are systematically discussed, where the efficiency and possibility of further embellishment and improvement to adapt to clinical use are also investigated. All in all, novel antimicrobial nanomedicine provides potent and prospective ways to manage severe and refractory ocular infections.

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Funding

This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 22005265, 81870641), National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFC1106104), Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. 2020C03035), the Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. LBY21E030002), Zhejiang TCM Science and Technology Program (Grant No. 2021ZQ053), and Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousand Talents Program (Grant No. 2018R52001).

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  1. Wenjie Fan and Haijie Han contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, People’s Republic of China

    Wenjie Fan, Haijie Han, Yaoyao Chen, Xiaobo Zhang, Su Li & Ke Yao

  2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, People’s Republic of China

    Wenjie Fan, Haijie Han, Yaoyao Chen, Xiaobo Zhang, Su Li & Ke Yao

  3. MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China

    Wenjie Fan, Yifan Gao, Qiao Jin & Jian Ji

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  1. Wenjie Fan
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All authors whose names appear on the submission made substantial contributions to the article. Wenjie Fan, Haijie Han—writing and original draft preparation; Wenjie Fan, Haijie Han, Yaoyao Chen, Xiaobo Zhang, Yifan Gao, Su Li, Qiao Jin, Jian Ji, Ke Yao—writing, editing, and critical revision of intellectual content; Haijie Han, Qiao Jin, Jian Ji, Ke Yao—conceptualization and supervision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Fan, W., Han, H., Chen, Y. et al. Antimicrobial nanomedicine for ocular bacterial and fungal infection. Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res. 11, 1352–1375 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-021-00966-x

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