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Gestational Diabetes and Analysis of Maternal and Fetal Outcomes Among Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Abstract

Purpose of the Study

To determine the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus and analyze the maternal and fetal outcomes among pregnant women.

Methods

A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted for a duration of 7 months in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at tertiary care hospital where 518 pregnant women participants of age above 18 years who had come for labor and undergone DIPSI (diabetes in pregnancy study of India) test were included in the study after the ethical clearance and obtaining written informed consent, whereas pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes mellitus and on other medication that alter glucose metabolism were excluded from the study.

Results

The occurrence of GDM was found to be 15.44%. The majority of GDM patients (53.75%) were able to manage their condition through dietary modifications alone. Metformin was required for 36.25% of the subjects, while 10% needed insulin. The rates of cesarean delivery (72.1%) and postpartum hemorrhage (17.5%) were also higher in the GDM group compared to the non-GDM group (p < 0.001). Maternal complications, including gestational hypertension (11.3%), polyhydramnios (35%), and vaginal candidiasis (18.8%), were significantly more prevalent among GDM subjects (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

GDM is a frequently observed complication among pregnant women which can lead to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes as well as several complications such as cesarean delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, pre-eclampsia, polyhydramnios, UTI and vaginal candidiasis as compared to those without GDM.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Principal, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Mangalore, India and Department of Gynaecology and obstetrics, Justice K S Hegde Charitable Hospital (KSHEMA), Mangalore, India.

Funding

No funds, grants, or other support was received.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India

    Praisy B. Biju, Raushan Kumar Chaudhary, Uday Venkat Mateti & Barma Naga Raju

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KS Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Justice KS Hegde Charitable Hospital, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India

    Krishnapriya Radhakrishnan & Shipra Sonkusare

  3. Department of Community Medicine, KS Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India

    Shraddha Shetty

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  1. Praisy B. Biju
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Contributions

Conceptualization: [UVM, KR], Methodology: [RKC, BNR], Formal analysis and investigation: [SS, BNR]; Writing—original draft preparation: [RKC, PBB]; Writing–review, revision and editing: [RKC, PBB, SS]; Supervision: [UVM, KR]. All authors critically revised the manuscript and approved the final version. UVM holds the final responsibility of the article.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Uday Venkat Mateti.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) on human subjects (Ref. No: NGSMIPS/IEC/05/2021) and the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Praisy B. Biju: Post Graduate Student, Department of Pharmacy Practice; Raushan Kumar Chaudhary: PhD Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacy Practice; Krishnapriya Radhakrishnan: Associate Professor, Consultant, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Shraddha Shetty: Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine; Uday Venkat Mateti: Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice; Barma Naga Raju: Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice; Shipra Sonkusare: Professor, Consultant, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.

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Biju, P.B., Chaudhary, R.K., Radhakrishnan, K. et al. Gestational Diabetes and Analysis of Maternal and Fetal Outcomes Among Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Obstet Gynecol India (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-023-01893-2

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