Abstract
Polymer–clay nanocomposites were prepared via physical dispersion of dodecyl sulfate (DS)-intercalated MgAl–layered double hydroxides (MgAl–LDHs) in polyurethane (PU). The structure, mechanical behavior, thermal stability as well as ultraviolet transmittance of the PU–LDH hybrids were studied systematically. The obtained hybrid materials were characterized with XRD, FTIR, TGA, DSC, UV–Vis spectroscopy, SEM and mechanical testing. The optimal content of MgAl/DS–LDHs in PU was determined. The testing of mechanical properties of PU–MgAl/DS–LDHs nanocomposites showed significant improvements in tensile strength and elongation at break, especially for the DS/LDHs content of 5 wt%. The observed improvement in mechanical properties is attributed to the relatively better reinforcing effect of partially exfoliated DS–LDH layers in PU matrix. DTA and DSC analysis confirmed the increased thermal stability of PU–MgAl/DS–LDH materials. The obtained results suggested potential application of physical dispersion of inorganic additives in the polymer matrix as a promising method for obtaining of PU nanocomposites.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Acharya H, Srivastava SK, Bhowmick AK (2007) Synthesis of partially exfoliated EPDM/LDH nanocomposites by solution intercalation: structural characterization and properties. Compos Sci Technol 67:2807–2816
Aguzzi A, Ambrogi V, Costantino U, Marmottini F (2007) Intercalation of acrylate anions into the galleries of Zn–Al layered double hydroxide. J Phys Chem Solids 68:808–812
ASTM D2572-97 (2010) Standard Test Method for Isocyanate Groups in Urethane Materials or Prepolymers, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010, www.astm.org
Brei V, Melezhyk O, Starukh G, Oranskaya E, Mutovkin P (2008) Organic precursor synthesis of Al–Mg mixed oxides and hydrotalcites. Micropor Mesopor Mater 113:411–417
Cavani F, Trifirò F, Vaccari A (1991) Hydrotalcite-type anionic clays: preparation, properties and applications. Catal Today 11:173–301
Costa F, Leuteritz A, Wagenknecht U, Jehnichen D, Häußler L, Heinrich G (2008) Intercalation of Mg–Al layered double hydroxide by anionic surfactants: preparation and characterization. Appl Clay Sci 38:153–164
Dick C, Dominges-Rosado E, Eling B, Liggat J, Lindsay C, Martin S, Mohammed M, Seeley G, Snape C (2001) The flammability of urethane-modified polyisocyanurates and its relationship to thermal degradation chemistry. Polymer 42:913–923
Du L, Qu B, Meng Y, Zhu Q (2006) Structural characterization and thermal and mechanical properties of poly(propylene carbonate)/MgAl-LDH exfoliation nanocomposite via solution intercalation. Compos Sci Technol 66:913–918
Evans D, Slade R (2006) Structural aspects of layered double hydroxides, layered double hydroxides. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 1–87
Frache A, Monticelli O, Nocchetti M, Tartaglione G, Costantino U (2011) Thermal properties of epoxy resin nanocomposites based on hydrotalcites. Polym Degrad Stab 96:164–169
Fukushima Y, Inagaki S (1987) Synthesis of an intercalated compound of montmorillonite and 6-polyamide. J Inclusion Phenom 5:473–482
Gómez-Fernández S, Ugarte L, Peña-Rodriguez C, Zubitur M, Corcueraa Á, Eceiza A (2016) Flexible polyurethane foam nanocomposites with modified layered double hydroxides. Appl Clay Sci 123:109–120
Gorninski J, Tonet K, Solowska J (2015) Use of polishing alumina as flame retardant in ortophthtalic polyester resin matrics composites. Adv Mater Res 1129:209–216
Guo S, Zhang C, Peng H, Wang W, Liu T (2011) Structural characterization, thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethane/CoAl layered double hydroxide nanocomposites prepared via in situ polymerization. Compos Sci Technol 71:791–796
Hepburn C (1982) Polyurethane elastomers. Applied Science Publishers Ltd, England
Hu K, Kulkarni D, Choi I, Tsukruk V (2014) Graphene-polymer nanocomposites for structural and functional applications. Prog Poly Sci 39(11):1934–1972
Hu J, Gan M, Ma L, Zhang J, Xie S, Xu F, Zheng J, Shen X, Yin H (2014) Preparation and enhanced properties of polyaniline/grafted intercalated ZnAl–LDH nanocomposites. Appl Surf Sci 328:325–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.12.042
Illaik A, Vuillermoz C, Commereuc S, Taviot-Guého C, Verney V, Leroux F (2008) Reactive and functionalized LDH fillers for polymer. J Phys Chem Solids 69:1362–1366
Kotal M, Srivastava (2011) Structure–property relationship of polyurethane/modified magnesium aluminium layered double hydroxide nanocomposites. Int J Plast Technol 15:S61–S68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12588-011-9006-0
Kotal M, T. Kuila K, Srivastava S, Bhowmick A, (2009) Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane/Mg-Al layered double hydroxide nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 114:2691–2699. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.30791
Kotal M, Srivastava S, Manu S (2010) Layered double hydroxide as nanofiller in the development of polyurethane nanocomposites. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 10:5730–5740
Kuila T, Srivastava SK, Bhowmick AK, Saxena AK (2008) Thermoplastic polyolefin based polymer—blend-layered double hydroxide nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 68:3234–3239
Kumar S, Malas A, Kumar C (2012) Layered double hydroxide modified with linseed compounds for polyurethane elastomer nanocomposites. Polimery 57(1):18–24
Leroux F (2006) Organo-modified anionic clays into polymer compared to Smectite-type nanofiller: potential applications of the nanocomposites. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 6:303–315
Leroux F, Besse J-P (2004) Layered double hydroxide/polymer nanocomposites. Interface Sci Technol 1:459–495
Leroux F, Adachi-Pagano M, Intissar M, Chauviere S, Forano C, Besse JP (2001) Delamination and restacking of layered double hydroxides. J Mater Chem 11:105–112
Moon S, Kim J, Nah C, Lee Y (2004) Polyurethane/montmorillonite nanocomposites prepared from crystalline polyols, using 1,4-butanediol and organoclay hybrid as chain extenders. Euro Polym J 40:1615–1621
Nguyen DA, Lee YR, Raghu AV, Jeong HM, Shin CM, Kim BK (2009) Morphological and physical properties of a thermoplastic polyurethane reinforced with functionalized graphene sheet. Polym Int 58:412–417
Okada A, Fukushima A, Kawasumi M, Inagaki S, Usuki A, Sugiyama S, Kurauchi T, Kamigaito O (1988) U. S. patent 4739007, Toyota Chuo Kenkyuusho
Somarathna H, Raman S, Mohotti D, Mutalib A, Badri K (2018) The use of polyurethane for structural and infrastructural engineering applications: a state-of-the-art review. Constr Buil Mater 190:995–1014
Tronto J, Leroux F, Dubois M, Borin J, Graeff C, Valim J (2008) Hyperfine interaction in Zn-Al layered double hydroxides intercalated with conducting polymers. J Phys Chem Solids 69(5–6):1079–1083
Usuki A, Kawasumi M, Kojima Y, Okada A (1993) Swelling behavior of montmorillonite cation exchanged for ω-amino acids by ε-caprolactam. J Mater Res 8:1174–1178
Villmow T, John A, Pötschke P, Heinrich G (2012) Polymer/carbon nanotube composites for liquid sensing: Selectivity against different solvents. Polymer 53(14):2908–2918
Wu CL, Zhang MQ, Rong MZ, Friedrich K (2002) Tensile performance improvement of low nanoparticles filled-polypropylene composites. Compos Sci Technol 62:1327–1340
Xiong J, Zheng Z, Song W, Zhou D, Wang X (2008) Microstructure and properties of polyurethane nanocomposites reinforced with methylene-bis-orthochloroanilline-grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Compos Part A 39:904–910
Yamamoto T, Kawaguchi K (2017) Synthesis of composite polymer particles with carbon nanotubes and evaluation of their mechanical properties. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 529:765–770
Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Shi W (2011) A novel approach for preparing exfoliated UV-cured polymer/LDH nanocomposites via pre-exfoliated organic LDH. Appl Clay Sci 53:608–614
Zhang W, Zheng Y, Xu Y, Yu Y, Shi Q, Liu L, Peng H, Ouyang Y (2013) Preparation and antibacterial property of waterborne polyurethane/Zn–Al layered double hydroxides/ZnO nanocomposites. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 13(1):409–416
Zhang H, Zhang J, Rongping Yun, Jiang Z, Liu H, Yan D (2016) Nanohybrids of organo-modified layered double hydroxides and polyurethanes with enhanced mechanical, damping and UV absorption properties. RSC Adv/ DOI: 10.1039/C6RA04398D
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Starukh, G., Budzinska, V. & Brychka, S.Y. Structural characterization, thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethane–MgAl–layered double hydroxide nanocomposites prepared via physical dispersion. Appl Nanosci 9, 987–996 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-01035-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-01035-z