Abstract
In this study, iron oxide (Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were loaded into poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofıber mats via electrospinning method and the composite materials were characterized. MNPs were synthesized by a conventional co-precipitation method and treated by oleic acid to obtain hydrophobic nanoparticles. The MNPs were added to PCL solution before electrospinning at varying MNP feed concentrations (1:25, 2:25, 4:25, 8:25, 16:25 and 32:25; weight ratio of MNPs:polymer). The chemical structure of the nanofibrous membranes was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and analyses by optical and confocal microscopes demonstrated that MNP-loaded PCL nanofibers (MNP@PCL NFs) were homogeneously distributed in the membranes. Fiber diameter changed and bead formation occurred as the concentration of MNPs increased from 1:25 to 32:25. The effect of MNPs concentration on drug loading, the encapsulation efficiency and the release properties of the composite nanofibers was investigated using hydrophilic (Rhodamine-B, RhodB) and hydrophobic (Nile Red, NR) dyes, compared with plain PCL nanofibers. The dyes were used as model drug compounds to simulate drug release from MNP@PCL NFs. The release rate of RhodB from the plain PCL nanofiber mats was faster compared to the composite materials. The results showed that the release of the model molecule was affected by the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of the drug. MNP@PCL NFs may have the potential for using as localized drug delivery vehicles for tissue engineering applications.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barbaros S, Meray Z, Tecim T, Genç R (2016) Photoactive nanocomplex formed from chlorophyll assembly on TMA-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. J Nanoparticle Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-016-3496-9
Bölgen N, Menceloğlu YZ, Acatay K et al (2005) In vitro and in vivo degradation of non-woven materials made of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanofibers prepared by electrospinning under different conditions. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 16:1537–1555. https://doi.org/10.1163/156856205774576655
Cerkez I, Sezer A, Bhullar SK (2017) Fabrication and characterization of electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) fibrous membrane with antibacterial functionality. R Soc Open Sci. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160911
Do BPH, Nguyen BD, Nguyen HD, Nguyen PT (2013) Synthesis of magnetic composite nanoparticles enveloped in copolymers specified for scale inhibition application. Adv Nat Sci Nanosci Nanotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/4/4/045016
Geiger BC, Nelson MT, Munj HR et al (2015) Dual drug release from CO2-infused nanofibers via hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions. J Appl Polym Sci 132:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.42571
Hetti M (2016) Synthesis and characterization of polymeric magnetic nanocomposites for damage-free structural health monitoring of high performance composites. Dissertation, Technischen Universität Dresden
Hu X, Liu S, Zhou G et al (2014) Electrospinning of polymeric nanofibers for drug delivery applications. J Control Release 185:12–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.018
Khandanlou R, Ahmad M, Shameli K et al (2014) Studies on properties of rice straw/polymer nanocomposites based on polycaprolactone and Fe3O4 nanoparticles and evaluation of antibacterial activity. Int J Mol Sci 15:18466–18483. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms151018466
Kuppan P, Sethuraman S, Krishnan UM (2013) PCL and PCL-gelatin nanofibers as esophageal tissue scaffolds: optimization, characterization and cell-matrix interactions. J Biomed Nanotechnol 9:1540–1555. https://doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2013.1653
Lai K, Jiang W, Tang JZ et al (2012) Superparamagnetic nano-composite scaffolds for promoting bone cell proliferation and defect reparation without a magnetic field. RSC Adv 2:13007. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ra22376g
Lee HJ, Lee SJ, Uthaman S et al (2015) Biomedical applications of magnetically functionalized organic/inorganic hybrid nanofibers. Int J Mol Sci 16:13661–13677. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160613661
Meng ZX, Zheng W, Li L, Zheng YF (2010) Fabrication and characterization of three-dimensional nanofiber membrane of PCL-MWCNTs by electrospinning. Mater Sci Eng C 30:1014–1021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2010.05.003
Mody VV, Cox A, Shah S et al (2014) Magnetic nanoparticle drug delivery systems for targeting tumor. Appl Nanosci 4:385–392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-013-0216-y
Mørup S, Hansen MF, Frandsen C (2010) Magnetic interactions between nanoparticles. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 1:182–190. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.1.22
Muthukumaran T, Pati SS, Singh LH et al (2018) Comparison of magnetic properties and high-temperature phase stability of phosphate- and oleic acid-capped iron oxide nanoparticles. Appl Nanosci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-018-0715-y
Patil MR, Khairnar SD, Shrivastava VS (2016) Synthesis, characterisation of polyaniline–Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposite and its application for removal of an acid violet 19 dye. Appl Nanosci 6:495–502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-015-0465-z
Silva VAJ, Andrade PL, Silva MPC et al (2013) Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with fucan polysaccharides. J Magn Magn Mater 343:138–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2013.04.062
Sureshkumar V, Kiruba Daniel SCG, Ruckmani K, Sivakumar M (2016) Fabrication of chitosan–magnetite nanocomposite strip for chromium removal. Appl Nanosci 6:277–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-015-0429-3
Uday Kumar S, Matai I, Dubey P et al (2014) Differentially cross-linkable core–shell nanofibers for tunable delivery of anticancer drugs: synthesis, characterization and their anticancer efficacy. RSC Adv 4:38263–38272. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA05001K
Wang Y, Qiao W, Wang B et al (2011) Electrospun composite nanofibers containing nanoparticles for the programmable release of dual drugs. Polym J 43:478–483. https://doi.org/10.1038/pj.2011.11
Wang S, Sun Z, Yan E et al (2014) Magnetic composite nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning of Fe3O4/gelatin aqueous solutions. Mater Sci Eng B 190:126–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2014.10.001
Zarekhalili Z, Bahrami SH, Ranjbar-Mohammadi M, Milan PB (2017) Fabrication and characterization of PVA/gum tragacanth/PCL hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds for skin substitutes. Int J Biol Macromol 94:679–690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.042
Zhang Z, Feng SS (2006) The drug encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of paclitaxel-loaded poly(lactide)-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate nanoparticles. Biomaterials 27:4025–4033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.03.006
Zhang H, Xia JY, Pang XL et al (2017) Magnetic nanoparticle-loaded electrospun polymeric nanofibers for tissue engineering. Mater Sci Eng C 73:537–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.116
Zhuang L, Zhang W, Zhao Y et al (2015) Preparation and characterization of Fe3O4 particles with novel nanosheets morphology and magnetochromatic property by a modified solvothermal method. Sci Rep 5:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09320
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Unit of Mersin University (BAP-2015-TP2-1345).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Demir, D., Güreş, D., Tecim, T. et al. Magnetic nanoparticle-loaded electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofibers for drug delivery applications. Appl Nanosci 8, 1461–1469 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-018-0830-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-018-0830-9