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Characterization of Tuber indicum (Pezizales, Tuberaceae) mycorrhizae synthesized with four host trees exotic to China

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Abstract

The Chinese black truffle Tuber indicum is the main commercial truffle species in China and has strong potential for cultivation. Most studies have focused so far on the production and planting of mycorrhizal seedlings of tree species native to China. Here, we selected four exotic tree species, Quercus pubescens, Q. ilex, Q. palustris and Pinus pinea and inoculated axenically germinated seedlings, five replicates per tree species, with T. indicum spore suspension. As shown by morphological, anatomical and molecular analyses, mycorrhizae were successfully synthesized under greenhouse conditions from 6 months after inoculation and the mycorrhization was stable for at least 24 months in the glasshouse environment. Despite slight morphological variations, T. indicum mycorrhizae were similar on all tree species, i.e. swollen, red-brownish with long hyaline emanating hyphae showing right-angle ramifications. Our observations confirmed the similarity of T. indicum mycorrhizae with those of T. melanosporum regardless of the geographic origin of host trees. Four out of five T. indicum-inoculated pine seedlings were cross-contaminated by T. borchii that was inoculated to another group of P. pinea seedlings raised in the same glasshouse. This is the first study to document the mycorrhization of exotic tree species by T. indicum in China and the first report for Q. palustris. With two successful out of five inoculated seedlings, Q. palustris was less receptive to T. indicum mycorrhization than the other two oak species. Further work is needed to assess whether the T. indicum symbioses obtained here are maintained after planting in the field and if ascomata can be produced by exotic tree species under Chinese environmental conditions.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Dr. Mariana Herrera Cruz who worked in KIB through the China-LAC young scientist exchange program for providing useful references.

Funding

This work was supported by the following projects: National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFC0505206), Guizhou Science and Technology Program (NO. 4002, 2018), and visiting professorship awarded to Alexis Guerin-Laguette under the Yunling High-End Foreign Experts Project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China

    Lan-Lan Huang, Ran Wang & Fu-Qiang Yu

  2. College of Resource and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650100, China

    Lan-Lan Huang

  3. The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Gerald Street, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand

    Alexis Guerin-Laguette

  4. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Alexis Guerin-Laguette

  5. Department of Crop and Forest Science, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain

    Ran Wang

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  1. Lan-Lan Huang
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  2. Alexis Guerin-Laguette
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  3. Ran Wang
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Correspondence to Alexis Guerin-Laguette or Fu-Qiang Yu.

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Supplementary Figure 1

a Seedlings of Quercus pubescens 6 months after inoculation (bar=5 cm). b-h Macro-morphological and anatomical characters of artificially synthesized ectomycorrhizae of Tuber indicum on Q. pubescens 6 months after inoculation. b-c Ectomycorrhizae of T. indicum formed with Q. pubescens (bars=200 μm). d-e Septate hyphae emanating from the outer mantle layer (d), branched (e), whole tip mounted in water (bars= 20 μm). f Outer mantle surface structure (bar=20 μm). g-h Cross-mycorrhiza sections (bars= 20 μm). (JPG 698 kb)

Supplementary Figure 2

a Seedlings of Quercus ilex 6 months after inoculation (bar=5 cm) b-h Macro-morphological and anatomical characters of artificially synthesized ectomycorrhizae of Tuber indicum on Q. ilex 6 (b-f) or 28 (g-h) months after inoculation. b-c Ectomycorrhizae of T. indicum formed with Q. ilex (bars=200 μm). d-e Septate hyphae emanating from the outer mantle layer (d), branched (e), whole tip mounted in water (bars= 20 μm). f Outer mantle surface structure (bar=20 μm). g-h Cross-mycorrhiza sections (bars= 20 μm). (JPG 745 kb)

Supplementary Figure 3

a Seedlings of Pinus pinea 6 months after inoculation (bar=5 cm) b-h Macro-morphological and anatomical characters of artificially synthesized ectomycorrhizae of Tuber borchii on Pi. pinea. b-c Ectomycorrhizae of T. borchii formed with Pi. pinea (bars=200 μm). d-e Spiky cystidia arising from the outer mantle layer (d), septate (e), whole tip mounted in water (bars= 20 μm). f Outer mantle surface structure (bar=20 μm). g-h Cross-mycorrhiza sections (bars= 20 μm). (JPG 1419 kb)

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Huang, LL., Guerin-Laguette, A., Wang, R. et al. Characterization of Tuber indicum (Pezizales, Tuberaceae) mycorrhizae synthesized with four host trees exotic to China. Symbiosis 82, 215–224 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-020-00715-7

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