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Polysaccharides from apple pomace exhibit anti-fatigue activity through increasing glycogen content

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Abstract

The polysaccharides were isolated from apple pomace by hot-water extraction, and their anti-fatigue activity was evaluated in C2C12 muscle myoblasts and male Kunming mice. The purified polysaccharides from apple pomace (PAP) have a molecular weight of 1.74 × 105 Da and were composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and arabinose. In C2C12 myoblasts, PAP showed no cytotoxicity in the concentrations of 0–300 μg/ml. PAP treatment increased the glycogen content, while the ATP content was not affected in C2C12 myoblasts. Further investigation found that the activity and gene expression of glycogen synthase, rather than glycogen phosphorylase, were upregulated by PAP treatment. The studies in vivo showed that PAP treatment did not affect the food intake and weight again in mice. Importantly, PAP prolonged the exhaustive swimming time, increased hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen levels, and effectively inhibited the accumulation of blood lactic and blood urea nitrogen in mice. Taken together, the results suggested that PAP exhibit anti-fatigue activity in vitro and in vivo through increasing glycogen content.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [C Li; Email: li_chunguang@163.com], upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

PAP:

Polysaccharides from apple pomace

GS:

Glycogen synthase

GP:

Glycogen phosphorylase

BL:

Blood lactic

BUN:

Blood urea nitrogen

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Funding

This research was financially supported by the Social Science Planning and Research Project of Shandong Province (16CTYJ21).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Physical Education, Dezhou University, #566 Daxuexi Road, Dezhou, 253023, People’s Republic of China

    Chunguang Li & Zhiping Zheng

  2. College of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, People’s Republic of China

    Xinjun Zhu, Jingxia Zhang, Tisen Xu & Hong Zhang

  3. Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agriculture Sciences Ministry of Agriculture China, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China

    Ramasamy Rajesh Kumar

Authors
  1. Chunguang Li
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  2. Xinjun Zhu
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  3. Jingxia Zhang
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  4. Tisen Xu
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  5. Hong Zhang
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  6. Zhiping Zheng
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  7. Ramasamy Rajesh Kumar
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Contributions

CL, Conceptualization; XZ, methodology and writing; RRK, data curation; JZ, validation and writing; TX, data curation; HZ, formal analysis; ZZ, data curation.

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Correspondence to Chunguang Li.

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The authors themselves have no conflict of interest at all.

Ethics approval

All the trials were performed in compliance with the Guiding Principles for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Dezhou University (No. 11/04/2020).

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Li, C., Zhu, X., Zhang, J. et al. Polysaccharides from apple pomace exhibit anti-fatigue activity through increasing glycogen content. J Food Sci Technol 60, 283–291 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-022-05613-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-022-05613-y

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