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Valorisation of black carrot pomace: microwave assisted extraction of bioactive phytoceuticals and antioxidant activity using Box–Behnken design

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Abstract

The present study compares three methods viz. microwave assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and conventional solvent extraction (CSE) for extraction of phenolic compounds from black carrot pomace (BCP). BCP is the major by-product generated during processing and poses big disposal problem. Box–Behnken design using response surface methodology was employed to investigate and optimize the MAE of phenolics, antioxidant activity and colour density from BCP. The conditions for maximum recovery of polyphenolics were: microwave power (348.07 W), extraction time (9.8 min), solvent–solid ratio (19.3 mL/g) and ethanol concentration (19.8%). Under these conditions, the extract contained total phenolic content of 264.9 ± 10.02 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 mL, antioxidant capacity (AOC) of 13.14 ± 1.05 µmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/mL and colour density of 68.63 ± 5.40 units. The total anthocyanin content at optimized condition was 753.40 ± 31.6 mg/L with low % polymeric colour of 7.40 ± 0.42. At optimized conditions, MAE yielded higher colour density (68.63 ± 5.40), polyphenolic content (264.9 ± 10.025 mg GAE/100 mL) and AOC (13.14 ± 1.05 µmol TE/mL) in a short time as compared to UAE and CSE. Overall results clearly indicate that MAE is the best suited method for extraction in comparison to UAE and CSE. The phenolic rich extract can be used as an effective functional ingredient in foods.

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Acknowledgements

The facilities and financial support provided by the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), Government of India and Prathista Industries Limited under Prime Minister Fellowship Scheme to undertake the research work are highly acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India

    Manoj Kumar

  2. Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Anil Dahuja & Archana Sachdev

  3. Division of Food Science and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Charanjit Kaur

  4. Fishery Resources Assessment Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, 682 018, India

    Eldho Varghese

  5. Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Supradip Saha

  6. Prathista Industries Limited, Secunderabad, India

    K. V. S. S. Sairam

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  1. Manoj Kumar
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Correspondence to Manoj Kumar.

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Kumar, M., Dahuja, A., Sachdev, A. et al. Valorisation of black carrot pomace: microwave assisted extraction of bioactive phytoceuticals and antioxidant activity using Box–Behnken design. J Food Sci Technol 56, 995–1007 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-018-03566-9

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