Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Supercritical CO2 extraction of candlenut oil: process optimization using Taguchi orthogonal array and physicochemical properties of the oil

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Food Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A series of experiments was conducted to determine optimum conditions for supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of candlenut oil. A Taguchi experimental design with L9 orthogonal array (four factors in three levels) was employed to evaluate the effects of pressure of 25–35 MPa, temperature of 40–60 °C, CO2 flow rate of 10–20 g/min and particle size of 0.3–0.8 mm on oil solubility. The obtained results showed that increase in particle size, pressure and temperature improved the oil solubility. The supercritical carbon dioxide extraction at optimized parameters resulted in oil yield extraction of 61.4% at solubility of 9.6 g oil/kg CO2. The obtained candlenut oil from supercritical carbon dioxide extraction has better oil quality than oil which was extracted by Soxhlet extraction using n-hexane. The oil contains high unsaturated oil (linoleic acid and linolenic acid), which have many beneficial effects on human health.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alabdulkarim B, Bakeet ZAN, Arzoo S (2012) Role of some functional lipids in preventing diseases and promoting health. JKSUS 24:319–329

    Google Scholar 

  • Anggrianto K, Salea R, Veriansyah B, Tjandrawinata RR (2014) Application of supercritical fluid extraction on food processing: black-eyed pea (Vigna unguiculata) and peanut (Arachis hypogea). Procedia Chem 9:265–272

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ansari K, Goodarznia I (2012) Optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of essential oil from spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) leaves by using Taguchi methodology. J Supercrit Flu 67:123–130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharjee P, Singhal RS, Tiwari SR (2007) Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of cottonseed oil. J Food Eng 79:892–898

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boutin O, Badens E (2009) Extraction from oleaginous seeds using supercritical CO2: experimental design and products quality. J Food Eng 92:396–402

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brunner G (1994) Gas extraction-an introduction to fundamental of supercritical fluids and the application to separation process. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Elevitch CR, Manner HI (2006) Traditional tree initiative: species profiles for Pacific Islands agroforestry-ecological, economic, and cultural renewal. Agroforestry. http://www.agroforestry.net/tti/Aleurites-kukui.pdf. Accessed 6 May 2014

  • Galtonde VN, Karnik SR, Davim JP (2009) Multi performance optimization in turning of free-machining steel using Taguchi method and utility concept. J Mater Eng Perform 18:231–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jokić S, Nagy B, Zeković Z, Vidović S, Bilić M, Velić D, Simándi B (2012) Effects of supercritical CO2 extraction parameters on soybean oil yield. Food Bioprod Process 90:693–699

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karsono AH, Tandrasasmita OM, Tjandrawinata RR (2014) Molecular effects of bioactive fraction of Curcuma mangga (DLBS4847) as a downregulator of 5α-reductase activity pathways in prostatic epithelial cells. Cancer Manag Res 6:267–278

    Google Scholar 

  • Krisnawati H, Kallio M, Kanninen M (2011) Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd: Ecology, silviculture and productivity. CIFOR, Bogor

  • Mopsik FI (1967) Dielectric constant of n-hexane as a function of temperature, pressure and density. J Res Natl Bur Stand 71:287–292

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oyen LPA (2007) Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd. In: van der Vossen HAM, Mkamilo GS (eds). Prota 14: Vegetable oils/Oléagineux. [CD-Rom]. PROTA, Wageningen, Netherland

  • Reverchon E, Marco ID (2006) Review: supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of natural matter. J Supercrit Fluids 38:146–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosiwati E, Syarief AM (1996) Supercritical CO2 extraction of candlenut. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States. http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=ID1999000062. Accessed on 28 Mar 2015

  • Salea R, Widjojokusumo E, Hartanti AW, Veriansyah B, Tjandrawinata RR (2013) Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction of Nigella sativa (black cumin) seeds using Taguchi method and full factorial design. Biochem Compd. doi:10.7243/2052-9341-1-1

    Google Scholar 

  • Salea R, Widjojokusumo E, Veriansyah B, Tjandrawinata RR (2014) Optimizing oil and xanthorrhizol extraction from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. rhizome by supercritical carbon dioxide. J Food Sci Technol 51:2197–2203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salea R, Veriansyah B, Tjandrawinata RR (2016) Optimization and scale-up process for supercritical fluids extraction of ginger oil from Zingiber officinale var Amarum. J Supercrit Flu 2016(05):035

    Google Scholar 

  • Salgın U, Korkmaz H (2011) A green separation process for recovery of healthy oil from pumpkin seed. J Supercrit Fluids 58:239–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salgın S, Salgın U (2006) Supercritical fluid extraction of walnut kernel oil. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 108:577–582

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siddique BA, Ahmad A, Alkarkhi AFM, Ibrahim MH, Mohd Omar AK (2011) Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of candlenut oil extracted by supercritical CO2. J Food Sci 76:C535–C542

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soares BMC, Gamarra FMC, Paviani LC, Goncalves LAG, Cabral FA (2007) Solubility of triacylglycerols in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 43:25–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tandrasasmita OM, Sutanto AM, Arifin PF, Tjandrawinata RR (2015) Anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and apoptosis-inducing activity of DLBS1442, a bioactive fraction of Phaleria macrocarpa, in a RL95-2 cell line as a molecular model of endometriosis. Int J Womens Health 7:161–169

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tjandrawinata RR, Byus CV (1995) Regulation of the efflux of putrescine and cadaverine from rapidly growing cultured RAW 264 cells by extracellular purescine. Biochem J 305:291–299

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomita K, Machmudah S, Wahyudiono Fukuzato R, Kanda H, Quitain AT, Sasaki M, Goto M (2014) Extraction of rice bran oil by supercritical carbon dioxide and solubility consideration. Sep Purif Technol 125:319–325

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trisina J, Sunardi F, Suhartono MT, Tjandrawinata RR (2011) DLBS1033, a protein extract from Lumbricus rubellus, possesses antithrombotic and thrombolytic activities. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011:519652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yong OY, Salimon J (2006) Characteristics of Elateriospermumtapos seed oil as a new source of oil seed. Ind Crop Prod 24:146–151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaidul ISM, Nik Norulaini NA, Mohd Omar AK, Smith RL Jr (2007) Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction of palm kernel oil from palm kernel. J Food Eng 79:1007–1014

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Yang J, Yu YX (2005) Dielectric constant and density dependence of the structure of supercritical carbon dioxide using a new modified empirical potential model: a Monte Carlo simulation study. J Phys Chem B 109:13375–13382

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Rinaldi Salea, Stevanus Hiendrawan and Diena Arsyiana for technical and analytical support. Authors also thank to Isabela Anjani for proof-reading on this manuscript. This research was supported by PT. Dexa Medica, Indonesia.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Technology Development, Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences (DLBS), PT Dexa Medica, Industri Selatan V, Block PP No. 7, Jababeka Industrial Estate II, Cikarang, West Java, 17550, Indonesia

    Erna Subroto, Edward Widjojokusumo, Bambang Veriansyah & Raymond R. Tjandrawinata

Authors
  1. Erna Subroto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Edward Widjojokusumo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bambang Veriansyah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Raymond R. Tjandrawinata
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Raymond R. Tjandrawinata.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Subroto, E., Widjojokusumo, E., Veriansyah, B. et al. Supercritical CO2 extraction of candlenut oil: process optimization using Taguchi orthogonal array and physicochemical properties of the oil. J Food Sci Technol 54, 1286–1292 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2542-7

Download citation

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2542-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation