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Glue-line durability of organo-chemical/urea formaldehyde resin joints of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. plywood

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Abstract

Ceiba pentandra, a non-durable hardwood, is greatly patronized for plywood production. Urea–Formaldehyde (UF) adhesive-joints of plies are filled with toxic preservative-chemicals to extend their service-lives. These pose environmental anxieties. The strengths of C. pentandra ply glue-lines containing different concentrations of Erythrophleum suaveolens bark-extract/UF- and Fossect 88/UF-adhesives were compared. Controls comprised plies without preservative-chemicals at glue-joints. Bonds from dry-pressed plies were stronger (85.91 ± 3.80% for 3% E. suaveolens extract to 93.54 ± 3.79% for 2% extract) than the cold-pressed (68.51 ± 2.57 [1% extract]–84.53 ± 1.14% [2% extract]). Thus, 2% bark extract-UF bonds were the strongest. Glue-joints weakened after field exposure. However, the dry-treated ply bonds were equally more durable (29.55 ± 1.33 [Control]–62.84 ± 1.52% [Fossect 88]) than their respective cold-pressed ply-joints (22.99 ± 2.58–47.55 ± 1.55%). Steady decrease in bond strength occurred with prolonged outdoor exposure spanning 24 weeks. Visual durability rating for the entire plywood boards was in this decreasing order: Control (4) >1% extract (3) >2%, 3% extract and Fossect 88 (2), while that for the mass loss was: Control (46.79 ± 2.86%) >3% extract (7.80 ± 2.06%) >2% extract (10.98 ± 2.04%) >1% extract (13.10 ± 2.99%) >Fossect 88 (5.71 ± 1.15%). Industrially, organic preservatives (e.g. E. suaveolens bark extract) could substitute the conventional types in laminate glue-joints to reduce production costs and address ecological concerns without compromising bond performance.

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Acknowledgement

We are grateful to the Management and Staff of Samartex Timber and Plywood Company Ltd. (Samreboi, Ghana) for availing their classy Plymill for the study. We also thank the Staff of the Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources Experimental Plot, Chemistry and Wood Workshop Laboratories (Department of Wood Science and Technology), KNUST, Kumasi-Ghana for the technical assistance. We acknowledge the statistical guidance by Miss Agnes Ankoma Danso (Biometrician, Crops Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research [CSIR], Kumasi).

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  1. Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

    C. Antwi-Boasiako & J. K. Appiah

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Correspondence to C. Antwi-Boasiako.

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Antwi-Boasiako, C., Appiah, J.K. Glue-line durability of organo-chemical/urea formaldehyde resin joints of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. plywood. J Indian Acad Wood Sci 14, 49–59 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13196-017-0187-9

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