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Effect of bioreactor-grown biomass from Ganoderma lucidum mycelium on growth performance and physiological response of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) for sustainable aquaculture

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Abstract

Mushroom mycelial biomass is an alternative to unsustainable use of cash crops as feed in aquaculture systems. Lately, fish-feed mixtures enhanced with heterotrophic 1-m2-bioreactor-grown biomass from the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum (MGL) were fed to red hybrid tilapia Oreochromis sp. (tilapia). MGL biomass had high protein (32.2%), carbohydrate (48.4%) and fibre (13.8%) content compared with other common fish-feed sources (fishmeal, soybean meal, rice bran and corn). Four experimental diets containing 0 (control), 5, 10 and 15 g/kg of MGL biomass respectively were randomly allocated to eight, 70-L tanks at 15 fish per tank with duplicate treatments. All diets were formulated to be isoenergetic (~ 19 kJ/g), and the fish were fed twice per day at 3% of their body weight ratio during the feeding trial, which lasted for 42 days. The utilization of 15 g/kg of MGL in the feeding trial resulted in 100% survival rate (SR), longer body length (> 1.7 cm) and higher (35 g) body weight gain (BWG) among tilapia compared with control (30 g) after 6 weeks. Surprisingly, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of tilapia fed with 15 g/kg (1.13) treatment was significantly lower compared with control (1.98), indicating better quality feed. The specific growth rate (SGR) of tilapia at 15 g/kg MGL (2.14) indicated a significantly greater growth compared with control (1.28). Internally, the condition factor (CF: 1.85), hepatosomatic index (HSI: 2.47) and visceral somatic index (VSI: 11.06) yielded the most significant organosomatic indices for treated tilapia compared with control, resulting in superior yield and fish health. Blood analysis of MGL-treated tilapia showed that haemoglobin (HGB: 6.43 g/dl), packed cell volume (PCV: 35%), red blood cells (RBC: 2.47 × 106 mm3) and white blood cells (WBC: 1.64.3 × 105 mm3) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) at 5 g/kg. These findings warranted that high MGL biomass diets could enhance tilapia survival and growth performance and thus may be used as a feed supplement.

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Funding

The authors received support from the Universiti Malaya by grants awarded under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS FP066-2018a) and (FRGS FP073-2019A) via the Ministry of Education, Malaysia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar, Grema Yerima, Janathu Rahman, Jaganath P. Thiran & Kumeera Subramaniam

  2. Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar & Vikineswary Sabaratnam

  3. AquaNutri Biotech Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Norhidayah Mohd Taufek, Grema Yerima, Janathu Rahman, Jaganath P. Thiran & Kumeera Subramaniam

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria

    Grema Yerima

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  1. Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar
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  2. Norhidayah Mohd Taufek
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Correspondence to Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar.

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Wan-Mohtar, W.A.A.Q.I., Taufek, N.M., Yerima, G. et al. Effect of bioreactor-grown biomass from Ganoderma lucidum mycelium on growth performance and physiological response of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) for sustainable aquaculture. Org. Agr. 11, 327–335 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-020-00303-5

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