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Twenty-Years’ Changes of Wetland Vegetation: Effects of Floodplain-Level Threats

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Abstract

Wetlands in large river floodplains are endangered biodiversity hotspots in need of active conservation measures. Most rehabilitation interventions target water replenishment and disregard other possible threats, especially those which operate at the landscape level and cause changes detectable over a period of decades. Twenty years’ changes of wetland vegetation were evaluated on the Drava floodplain, Hungary, where large-scale hydrological interventions have not been implemented during this time. Archive data from the 1990s were compared to data from 32 oxbows resurveyed in 2015. After scrutinizing scientific values and limits of archive datasets, we judged them appropriate for drawing robust landscape-level conclusions. Frequency of habitats and of selected species, diversity indices and diversity profiles were compared. Increased frequency of shrub and forest habitats, decreased frequency of dystrophic and protected species, and decreasing diversity of habitats and communities were detected. In the Drava floodplain hydroseral succession is the key natural process. Drought, riverbed incision, nutrient pollution, spread of invasive species, succession, and game and fish overpopulation were identified as further landscape-level threats. Water replenishment schemes can improve the conditions through slowing down or reverse succession. However, habitat and vegetation changes indicated that other threats to biodiversity are still present.

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Acknowledgements

This scientific contribution is dedicated to the 650th anniversary of the foundation of the University of Pécs, Hungary. It was supported financially by the Hungarian National Scientific Research Fund (OTKA), contract K 104552. We thank P. Gyenizse for producing the map on Fig. 1, and P. Maddock for proofreading and correcting English. We are grateful to D. Purger for useful comments on the previous version of the MS, and for the very thorough work of all anonymous reviewers, whose suggestions helped greatly to rewrite and improve the previous versions of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary

    Adrienne Ortmann-Ajkai & Gábor Csicsek

  2. Institute of Geography, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary

    Roland Hollós, Viktor Magyaros & Dénes Lóczy

  3. Danube-Drava National Park Directorate, Tettye tér 9, Pécs, H-7625, Hungary

    László Wágner

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  1. Adrienne Ortmann-Ajkai
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  4. Viktor Magyaros
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  5. László Wágner
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Correspondence to Adrienne Ortmann-Ajkai.

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Ortmann-Ajkai, A., Csicsek, G., Hollós, R. et al. Twenty-Years’ Changes of Wetland Vegetation: Effects of Floodplain-Level Threats. Wetlands 38, 591–604 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-018-1002-0

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