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Rapid diagnostic tests for the serodiagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis

Tests de diagnostic rapide pour le sérodiagnostic de l’échinococcose kystique humaine

  • Clinical Biology / Biologie Clinique
  • Published:
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique

Abstract

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic zoonosis especially affecting resource-poor populations in livestock raising areas. Imaging, in particular ultrasound (US), is crucial for the diagnosis, staging, and clinical management of abdominal CE in humans. Serology is a valuable complement to imaging, especially when ultrasound features of CE are absent or unclear. In rural endemic areas, where expertise in US is scant, and conventional serology techniques are unavailable due to lack of laboratory equipment, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) may be very useful. Several reports have described the performance of commercial and experimental RDTs in the diagnosis of CE, including a recent study by our group that compared the diagnostic performances of three commercial RDTs for the diagnosis of hepatic CE. To put RDTs for CE in context, we reviewed the available literature in English on this topic. Overall, RDTs appear to be useful in resourcepoor settings where they may replace conventional serodiagnostic tests. However, like other serodiagnostic tests, RDTs lack standardization and show unsatisfactory sensitivity and specificity. An important issue that needs to be addressed is that studies on the diagnostic performance of RDTs fail to take into account the variables known to influence results such as anatomical location and cyst stage.

Résumé

L’échinococcose kystique (EK) est une zoonose due à un parasite touchant particulièrement les populations à ressources limitées dans les zones d’élevage du bétail. L’imagerie, notamment l’échographie, est cruciale pour le diagnostic, la détermination du stade et la prise en charge clinique de l’EK abdominale chez l’homme. La sérologie est un complément intéressant à l’imagerie, en particulier quand les caractéristiques échographiques de l’EK sont absentes ou peu claires. Dans les zones endémiques rurales, où la maîtrise de l’échographie est faible et où les techniques conventionnelles de sérologie ne sont pas disponibles du fait du manque d’équipements de laboratoire, les tests de diagnostic rapide (TDR) peuvent être très utiles. Plusieurs études ont décrit les performances des TDR expérimentaux ou du commerce dans le diagnostic de l’EK, dont une étude récente menée par notre groupe qui compare les performances de trois TDR du commerce pour le diagnostic de l’EK hépatique. Pour replacer les TDR de l’EK dans leur contexte, nous avons effectué une revue de la littérature en anglais sur ce thème. Généralement, les TDR se sont montrés utiles dans les établissements à faibles ressources, où ils peuvent remplacer les tests conventionnels de sérodiagnostic. Cependant, comme pour les autres tests de sérodiagnostics, les TDR ne sont pas standardisés, et leur sensibilité et spécificité ne sont pas satisfaisantes. Une question importante qui mérite d’être soulevée est que cette étude sur les performances de diagnostic des TDR ne prend pas en compte les variables connues pour avoir une influence sur les résultats, comme la localisation anatomique et le stade du kyste.

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Tamarozzi, F., Mariconti, M., Covini, I. et al. Rapid diagnostic tests for the serodiagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 110, 20–30 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-017-0548-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-017-0548-z

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