Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Long-term nutrient variation trends and their potential impact on phytoplankton in the southern Yellow Sea, China

  • Articles
  • Dynamics of ecosystems and anthropogenic drivers in the Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem
  • Published:
Acta Oceanologica Sinica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The concentration and composition of nutrients, such as N, P, and Si, respond to biogeochemical processes and in turn, impact the phytoplanktons’ community structure and primary production. In this study, historical data was systematically analyzed to identify long-term variations in nutrient trends, red tide frequency, phytoplankton community abundance, and dominant species succession in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS). Results showed that N/P concentration ratios dramatically increased as a function of increasing dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations, and Si/N concentration ratios were generally larger than 1, indicating that N limitation morphed to P limitation and potentially to Si limitation, which impacted the phytoplankton community. Furthermore, inter-annual trends over the past 50 years show that phytoplankton community abundance has been higher in spring and summer, relative to autumn and winter. Moreover, with respect to red tide frequency, diatom abundance gradually decreased, while that of dinoflagellates gradually increased. Dominant species succession showed that the phytoplankton community exhibited an evident tendency to transform from diatoms to dinoflagellates. These research results clearly depict the presence of an important correlation between the phytoplankton community and nutrient structure in the SYS.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Chen Baohong, Wang Kang, Dong Xu, et al. 2021. Long-term changes in red tide outbreaks in Xiamen Bay in China from 1986 to 2017. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 249: 107095

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chien C T, Mackey K R M, Dutkiewicz S, et al. 2016. Effects of African dust deposition on phytoplankton in the western tropical Atlantic Ocean off Barbados. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 30(5): 716–734, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chung C S, Hong G H, Kim S H, et al. 1998. Shore based observation on wet deposition of inorganic nutrients in the Korean Yellow Sea coast. The Yellow Sea, 4: 30–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards M, Reid P, Planque B. 2001. Long-term and regional variability of phytoplankton biomass in the Northeast Atlantic (1960–1995). ICES Journal of Marine Science, 58(1): 39–49, doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2000.0987

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher T R, Peele E R, Ammerman J W, et al. 1992. Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton in Chesapeake Bay. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 82: 51–63, doi: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps082051

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu Mingzhu, Wang Zongling, Pu Xinming, et al. 2012. Changes of nutrient concentrations and N: P: Si ratios and their possible impacts on the Huanghai Sea ecosystem. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 31(4): 101–112, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-012-0224-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao Lei, Li Daoji. 2009. Changes of nutrient concentrations in western areas of Yellow Sea and East China Sea in recent several decades. Marine Sciences (in Chinese), 33(5): 64–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao Huiwang, Zhang Chao. 2019. Challenges in the study of atmospheric deposition over the ocean. Periodical of Ocean University of China (in Chinese), 49(10): 1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Glibert P M, Wilkerson F P, Dugdale R C, et al. 2014. Phytoplankton communities from San Francisco Bay Delta respond differently to oxidized and reduced nitrogen substrates—even under conditions that would otherwise suggest nitrogen sufficiency. Frontiers in Marine Science, 1: 17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grasshoff K, Kremling K, Ehrhardt M, et al. 1999. Methods of Seawater Analysis. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley-VCH, 193

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Guo Hao, Ding Dewen, Lin Feng’ao, et al. 2015. Characteristics and patterns of Red Tide in China coastal waters during the last 20a. Advances in Marine Science (in Chinese), 33(4): 547–558

    Google Scholar 

  • Guo Xin, Wang Zhaohui, Zhao Jiangang, et al. 2020a. Effects of inorganic nutrients on the phytoplankton community in the sea surface microlayer of Daya Bay, South China Sea. Journal of Sea Research, 156: 101830, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2019.101830

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo Jinqiang, Yuan Huamao, Song Jinming, et al. 2020b. Hypoxia, acidification and nutrient accumulation in the Yellow Sea Cold Water of the South Yellow Sea. Science of the Total Environment, 745: 141050, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo Congcong, Zhang Guicheng, Sun Jun, et al. 2020c. Seasonal responses of nutrient to hydrology and biology in the southern Yellow Sea. Continental Shelf Research, 206: 104207, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2020.104207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang Bangqin, Ou Linjian, Hong Huasheng, et al. 2005. Bioavailability of dissolved organic phosphorus compounds to typical harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 51(8–12): 838–844, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.02.035

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang Bangqin, Xiao Wupeng, Liu Xin. 2021. Spatial-temporal distributions and successional patterns of phytoplankton communities in the Chinese marginal seas. Journal of Xiamen University: Natural Science (in Chinese), 60(2): 390–397

    Google Scholar 

  • Humborg C, Rahm L, Conley D J, et al. 2008. Silicon and the Baltic Sea: long-term Si decrease in the Baltic Sea—A conceivable ecological risk?. Journal of Marine Systems, 73(3–4): 221–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang J H, Van S P, Choi B J, et al. 2014. The physical processes in the Yellow Sea. Ocean & Coastal Management, 102: 449–457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang Zhibing, Liu Jingjing, Chen Jianfang, et al. 2014. Responses of summer phytoplankton community to drastic environmental changes in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary during the past 50 years. Water Research, 54: 1–11, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang Zhibing, Liu Jingjing, Zhu Xuyu, et al. 2020. Quantitative comparison of phytoplankton community sampled using net and water collection methods in the southern Yellow Sea. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 35: 101250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jickells T D, An Z S, Andersen K K, et al. 2005. Global iron connections between desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry, and climate. Science, 308(5718): 67–71, doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1105959

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jin Jie, Liu Sumei, Ren Jingling, et al. 2013. Nutrient dynamics and coupling with phytoplankton species composition during the spring blooms in the Yellow Sea. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 97: 16–32, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.05.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klausmeier C A, Litchman E, Levin S A. 2004. Phytoplankton growth and stoichiometry under multiple nutrient limitation. Limnology and Oceanography, 49(4, part2): 1463–1470, doi: https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.4_part_2.1463

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le Kentang. 1984. A preliminary study of the path of the Changjiang diluted water I. Modei. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology (in Chinese), 15(2): 157–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Li Jing. 2008. The research of nutrient structure and its function on the succession of phytoplankton predominant species in the high frequent harmful algae blooms occurrence areas in East China Sea (in Chinese)[dissertation]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China

    Google Scholar 

  • Li Xiaoyu, Yu Rencheng, Geng Huixia, et al. 2021. Increasing dominance of dinoflagellate red tides in the coastal waters of Yellow Sea, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 168: 112439, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112439

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li Hongmei, Zhang Chuansong, Han Xiurong, et al. 2015. Changes in concentrations of oxygen, dissolved nitrogen, phosphate, and silicate in the southern Yellow Sea, 1980–2012: sources and seaward gradients. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 163(Part A): 44–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liang Cui, Xian Weiwei. 2018. Changjiang nutrient distribution and transportation and their impacts on the estuary. Continental Shelf Research, 165: 137–145, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2018.05.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin C, Ning X, Su J, et al. 2005. Environmental changes and the responses of the ecosystems of the Yellow Sea during 1976–2000. Journal of Marine Systems, 55(3–4): 223–234, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2004.08.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Ying. 2014. Influence of Asian dust deposition on the growth of phytoplankton in China marginal seas (in Chinese)[dissertation]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu Xin, Huang Bangqin, Huang Qiu, et al. 2015. Seasonal phytoplankton response to physical processes in the southern Yellow Sea. Journal of Sea Research, 95: 45–55, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2014.10.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Sumei, Zhang Jing, Chen Hongtao. 2000. Chemical oceanography of bioactive elements in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. Marine Environmental Science (in Chinese), 19(1): 68–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu Sumei, Zhang Jing, Chen S, et al. 2003. Inventory of nutrient compounds in the Yellow Sea. Continental Shelf Research, 23(11–13): 1161–1174, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00089-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luan Qingshan, Kang Yuande, Wang Jun. 2020. Long-term changes within the phytoplankton community in the Yellow Sea (1985–2015). Journal of Fishery Sciences of China (in Chinese), 27(1): 1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Lund J W. 1967. Eutrophication. Nature, 214(5088): 557–558, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/214557a0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma Yongxing. 2015. Transportation of silica in the lower reach of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers (in Chinese)[dissertation]. Qingdao: Qingdao University

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma Wu. 2019. Dynamic changes of phytoplankton in the spring and autumn of the Bohai Sea and the summer and autumn of the Yellow Sea (in Chinese)[dissertation]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathew T, Prakash S, Baliarsingh S K, et al. 2021. Response of phytoplankton biomass to nutrient stoichiometry in coastal waters of the western Bay of Bengal. Ecological Indicators, 131: 108119, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mikaelyan A S. 1997. Long-term variability of phytoplankton communities in Open Black Sea in relation to environmental changes. In: Özsoy E, Mikaelyan A, eds. Sensitivity to Change: Black Sea, Baltic Sea and North Sea. Dordrecht: Springer, 105–116

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China. 2020. Bulletin of marine ecology and environment status of China in 2019 (in Chinese). https://www.mee.gov.cn/hjzl/sthjzk/jagb/[2021-05-26/2021-06-21]

  • Ning Xiuren, Lin Chuanlan, Su Jilan, et al. 2010. Long-term environmental changes and the responses of the ecosystems in the Bohai Sea during 1960–1996. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 57(11–12): 1079–1091, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.02.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qi J H, Shi J H, Gao H W, et al. 2013. Atmospheric dry and wet deposition of nitrogen species and its implication for primary productivity in coastal region of the Yellow Sea, China. Atmospheric Environment, 81: 600–608, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qu Hongjuan, Kroeze C. 2010. Past and future trends in nutrients export by rivers to the coastal waters of China. Science of the Total Environment, 408(9): 2075–2086, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.12.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Redfield A C, Ketchum B H, Richards F A. 1963. The influence of organisms on the composition of sea-water. In: Hill M N, ed. The Composition of Seawater: Comparative and Descriptive Oceanography. The Sea: Ideas and Observations on Progress in the Study of the Seas. New York: Wiley, 26–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Seok M W, Kim D, Park G H, et al. 2021. Atmospheric deposition of inorganic nutrients to the western North Pacific Ocean. Science of the Total Environment, 793: 148401, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shen Zhiliang, Liu Qun, Wu Yulin, et al. 2006. Nutrient structure of seawater and ecological responses in Jiaozhou Bay, China. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 69(1–2): 299–307

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi Jinhui, Gao Huiwang, Zhang Jing, et al. 2012. Examination of causative link between a spring bloom and dry/wet deposition of Asian dust in the Yellow Sea, China. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 117(D17): D17304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shi Jinhui, Zhang Jing, Gao Huiwang, et al. 2013. Concentration, solubility and deposition flux of atmospheric particulate nutrients over the Yellow Sea. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 97: 43–50, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.05.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Song Jinming, Wang Qidong, Zhang Run, et al. 2019. Main progress on chemical oceanography in China over the past 70 years. Haiyang Xuebao (in Chinese), 41(10): 65–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Sterner R W, Andersen T, Elser J J, et al. 2008. Scale-dependent carbon: nitrogen: phosphorus seston stoichiometry in marine and freshwaters. Limnology and Oceanography, 53(3): 1169–1180, doi: https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2008.53.3.1169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suikkanen S, Laamanen M, Huttunen M. 2007. Long-term changes in summer phytoplankton communities of the open northern Baltic Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 71(3–4): 580–592

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tian R C, Hu F X, Martin J M. 1993. Summer nutrient fronts in the Changjiang (Yantze River) Estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 37(1): 27–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Jun. 2001. Study on phytoplankton in the Yellow Sea in Spring. Marine Fisheries Research (in Chinese), 22(1): 56–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Baodong. 2003. Nutrient distributions and their limitation on phytoplankton in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (in Chinese), 14(7): 1122–1126

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Wei, Liu Hui, Li Yongqi, et al. 2014. Development and management of land reclamation in China. Ocean & Coastal Management, 102(Part B): 415–425

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Yujue, Liu Dongyan, Xiao Wupeng, et al. 2021a. Coastal eutrophication in China: trend, sources, and ecological effects. Harmful Algae, 107: 102058, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2021.102058

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Baodong, Wang Xiulin, Zhan Run. 2003. Nutrient conditions in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 58(1): 127–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Baodong, Xin Ming, Wei Qinsheng, et al. 2018. A historical overview of coastal eutrophication in the China Seas. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 136: 394–400, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Junjie, Yu Zhigang, Wei Qinsheng, et al. 2019. Long-term nutrient variations in the Bohai Sea over the past 40 years. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(1): 703–722, doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014765

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Dazhi, Zhang Shufeng, Zhang Hao, et al. 2021b. Omics study of harmful algal blooms in China: current status, challenges, and future perspectives. Harmful Algae, 107: 102079, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2021.102079

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wasmund N, Nausch G, Matthäus W. 1998. Phytoplankton spring blooms in the southern Baltic Sea—spatio-temporal development and long-term trends. Journal of Plankton Research, 20(6): 1099–1117, doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/20.6.1099

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wei Qinsheng, Yao Qingzhen, Wang Baodong, et al. 2015. Long-term variation of nutrients in the southern Yellow Sea. Continental Shelf Research, 111: 184–196, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2015.08.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao Xi, Agustí S, Pan Yaoru, et al. 2019. Warming amplifies the frequency of harmful algal blooms with eutrophication in Chinese Coastal Waters. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(22): 13031–13041

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao Wupeng, Liu Xin, Irwin A J, et al. 2018. Warming and eutrophication combine to restructure diatoms and dinoflagellates. Water Research, 128: 206–216, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.051

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao Jie, Wang Zongling, Liu Dongyan, et al. 2021. Harmful macroalgal blooms (HMBs) in China’s coastal water: green and golden tides. Harmful Algae, 107: 102061, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2021.102061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xin Ming, Wang Baodong, Xie Linping, et al. 2019. Long-term changes in nutrient regimes and their ecological effects in the Bohai Sea, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 146: 562–573, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu Zongjun. 2007. The effect of atmosphere nitrogen deposition on phytoplankton community and marine primary productivity in Yellow Sea and South China Sea in spring (in Chinese)[dissertation]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan Weijin, Zhang Shen, Sun Pu, et al. 2003. How do nitrogen inputs to the Changjiang basin impact the Changjiang River nitrate: a temporal analysis for 1968–1997. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 17(4): 1091

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Yang. 2016. Seasonal and interannual changes of net phytoplankton biomass and community structure in the South Yellow Sea (in Chinese)[dissertation]. Qingdao: Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang Fuxia, Wei Qinsheng, Chen Hongtao, et al. 2018. Long-term variations and influence factors of nutrients in the western North Yellow Sea, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 135: 1026–1034, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.034

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Chen S Z, Yu Z G, et al. 1999. Factors influencing changes in rainwater composition from urban versus remote regions of the Yellow Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 104(D1): 1631–1644, doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JD100019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Chao, Gao Huiwang, Yao Xiaohong, et al. 2018. Phytoplankton growth response to Asian dust addition in the Northwest Pacific Ocean versus the Yellow Sea. Biogeosciences, 15(3): 749–765, doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-749-2018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Jing, Liu Minguang. 1994. Observations on nutrient elements and sulphate in atmospheric wet depositions over the Northwest Pacific coastal oceans—Yellow Sea. Marine Chemistry, 47(2): 173–189, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(94)90107-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Shasha, Xu Hangzhou, Zhang Yanfang, et al. 2020. Variation of phytoplankton communities and their driving factors along a disturbed temperate river-to-sea ecosystem. Ecological Indicators, 118: 106776, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106776

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Chao, Yao Xiaohong, Chen Ying, et al. 2019. Variations in the phytoplankton community due to dust additions in eutrophication, LNLC and HNLC oceanic zones. Science of the Total Environment, 669: 282–293, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.068

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng Liwen, Zhai Weidong. 2021. Excess nitrogen in the Bohai and Yellow seas, China: distribution, trends, and source apportionment. Science of the Total Environment, 794: 148702, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148702

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Mingjiang, Shen Zhiliang, Yu Rencheng. 2008. Responses of a coastal phytoplankton community to increased nutrient input from the Changjiang (Yangtze) River. Continental Shelf Research, 28(12): 1483–1489, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.02.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to colleagues from the National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center and Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute for the help of data and constructive comments.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China

    Yan Wang, Hao Guo, Haibo Zhang, Dongmei Li, Ziwei Yao, Xiaocheng Wang & Chuan Jia

  2. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Yongjian Liu

Authors
  1. Yan Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yongjian Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hao Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Haibo Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Dongmei Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ziwei Yao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Xiaocheng Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Chuan Jia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hao Guo.

Additional information

Foundation item: The UNDP/GEF YSLME Phase II Project.

Supplementary Data

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Guo, H. et al. Long-term nutrient variation trends and their potential impact on phytoplankton in the southern Yellow Sea, China. Acta Oceanol. Sin. 41, 54–67 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-022-2031-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-022-2031-3

Key words

Search

Navigation