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Biomedical Assessment of Silver Nanoparticles Derived from L-Aspartic Acid Against Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Bacteria Strains

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Abstract

Biomolecules such as L-aspartic acid can be well-reducing and capping agents to produce metal nanoparticles with unique bioapplications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using L-aspartic acid and evaluated as antibacterial and anticancer agents. The L-aspartic acid-AgNPs were characterized by utilizing spectroscopic instruments. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy gave peaks at 416 nm. Also, based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses, it was determined that there are different functional groups of L-aspartic acid, namely, amino groups (-NH2), carboxylic acids (-COOH), and R-groups (side chains), that are responsible for bioreduction of Ag salt and the production of AgNPs. According to transmission electron microscopy (TEM), AgNPs are almost spherical in shape and have a nanoscale size of 11.3 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study revealed a distinctive diffraction peak indicating crystalline nanoparticle formation, which agrees with AgNPs’ spherical structure. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was carried out with the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis to determine the elemental composition of biosynthesized AgNPs, which included silver, oxygen, and carbon. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was designated with a hydrodynamic radius of 109 nm, polydispersity (PdI) is good at 0.266, and a Z-potential of − 14.5 mV indicates good stability. AgNPs showed antibacterial activity against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli). AgNPs have cytotoxicity 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against breast cancer MCF-7 cell line, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1159.6 µg/mL, and genotoxicity by comet assay, emphasizing apoptosis cells through cell cycle flow cytometry. Biogenic nano-formulations of L-aspartic acid-AgNPs possess antibacterial and anticancer therapeutic applications because they are safe, cost-effective, and scalable.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basarh, 61004, Basrah, Iraq

    Sundus Hussam Abd Al-Majeed, Zainab Shakir Abdullah Al-Ali & Afaq Abdaljabar Turki

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ZS conceived and designed the study. She contributed to the writing and interpreting of the results of the manuscript. SH synthesized and purified the AgNPs. She contributed to interpreting the results and writing the initial draft of the manuscript. AA characterized the AgNPs and contributed to interpreting the results. All authors participated in all manuscript requirements to produce a final version after being read and agreed upon by everyone.

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Correspondence to Zainab Shakir Abdullah Al-Ali.

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Al-Majeed, S.H.A., Al-Ali, Z.S.A. & Turki, A.A. Biomedical Assessment of Silver Nanoparticles Derived from L-Aspartic Acid Against Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Bacteria Strains. BioNanoSci. 13, 1833–1848 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-023-01198-8

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