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Lignin Derived from Forestry Biomass as Capping Reagent in the Biosynthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their In Vitro Efficacy as a Strong Antifungal Biocontrolling Agent for Commercial Crops

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Abstract

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have gained a lot of attention with the advent of nanotechnology because of their unique features. The environmentally friendly synthesis of ZnO NPs from lignin would encourage the use of lignin generated as a challenging by-product mainly in paper and biofuel industries. The current study is about the production and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles using lignin. The synthesis was carried out with zinc acetate as a precursor in the addition of lignin at a high pH. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) techniques were used to analyze all of the generated lignin-based ZnO nanoparticles. The phase purity of the produced nanoparticles was disclosed by X-ray diffraction, which revealed their crystalline nature with a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The functional groups of lignin successfully attached to the ZnO NPs surface, enabling particle stability, according to FTIR analysis. The morphology and average size (25–50 nm) of the produced nanoparticles were disclosed by FESEM and HRTEM investigations. Positive findings were obtained when the antifungal effectiveness of these particles was evaluated against plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum causing basal rot, Fusarium wilt and Fusarium proliferatum causing dry rot diseases in commercially important crops like garlic, onion, maize, tomato, wheat, beans, and cotton. Furthermore, this one-step, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly lignin-derived zinc oxide nanoparticle synthesis process would aid in the manufacturing of many value-added materials in the future.

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Acknowledgements

The XRD and NMR analysis was done by IIT Ropar, and FTIR, FESEM, and HRTEM were employed by SAIF laboratory, Punjab University, Chandigarh. Authors are grateful for their work towards current research.

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  1. Dr. Yashwant, Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni-Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India

    Pooja Sharma & Nivedita Sharma

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  1. Pooja Sharma
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  2. Nivedita Sharma
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PS performed the research provided in the article and wrote the manuscript, whereas NS supervised the research work and reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Pooja Sharma.

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Sharma, P., Sharma, N. Lignin Derived from Forestry Biomass as Capping Reagent in the Biosynthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their In Vitro Efficacy as a Strong Antifungal Biocontrolling Agent for Commercial Crops. BioNanoSci. 13, 36–48 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-022-01052-3

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