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Nanoliposomes Containing Carvacrol and Carvacrol-Rich Essential Oils as Effective Mosquitoes Larvicides

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Abstract

The low efficacy of essential oil-based larvicides and their components’ volatility have challenged their use as green alternatives. In this study, the larvicidal effect of essential oils of Satureja khuzestanica and Zataria multiflora with their ingredients, carvacrol, was first investigated against two medically important mosquitoes. After confirming each sample’s successful loading in the nanoliposomes with a vesicle size of 110 ± 8, 70 ± 5, and 76 ± 5 nm, their larvicidal effects were also evaluated. These effects of nanoliposomal forms were greater than that of non-formulated states. The best-observed LC50 against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus were related to nanoliposomes containing essential oils of Z. multiflora (10.88 µg/mL) and S. khuzestanica (16.74 µg/mL). These samples could be used as green larvicides for investigation against other mosquito populations.

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Abbreviations

GC-MS:

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

DLS:

Dynamic light scattering

ATR-FTIR:

Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared

EO:

Essential oil

CarLipo:

Nanoliposomes containing carvacrol

SKEO:

Satureja khuzestanica Essential oil

SKLipo:

Nanoliposomes containing Satureja khuzestanica essential oil

ZMEO:

Zataria multiflora Essential oil

ZMLipo:

Nanoliposomes containing Zataria multiflora essential oil

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Funding

Fasa University of Medical Sciences supported this study, grant No. 97502.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

    Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi

  2. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

    Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi

  3. Department of Chemistry, Estahban Higher Education Center, 74519 44655, Estahban, Iran

    Roghayeh Heiran

  4. Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Mohammad Djaefar Moemenbellah-Fard

  5. School of Nursing, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran

    Sina Sayah

  6. Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran

    Mahmoud Osanloo

Authors
  1. Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi
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  2. Roghayeh Heiran
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  3. Mohammad Djaefar Moemenbellah-Fard
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  4. Sina Sayah
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  5. Mahmoud Osanloo
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Contributions

ASD performed larvicidal tests and performed probit analysis. RH interpreted ATR-FTIR spectra. MDMF wrote related discussion about the larvicidal assays. SS reviewed the literature and wrote the introduction. MO designed the study, prepared nanoformulations, and drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to the drafting of the manuscript and approved the final version.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mahmoud Osanloo.

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Ethics Approval

This study has been approved by the ethics committee at Fasa University of Medical Sciences, IR.FUMS.REC.1400.114. Besides, this research did not involve in vivo or human study.

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Sanei-Dehkordi, A., Heiran, R., Moemenbellah-Fard, M.D. et al. Nanoliposomes Containing Carvacrol and Carvacrol-Rich Essential Oils as Effective Mosquitoes Larvicides. BioNanoSci. 12, 359–369 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-022-00971-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-022-00971-5

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