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Green Synthesis of Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles Using Abrus precatorius and Its Effect on Coelomic Fluid Protein Profile and Enzymatic Activity of the Earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae

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Abstract

In the present study, green synthesized zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs) from the leaves of the medicinal plant, Abrus precatorius, were characterized and tested for toxicity using Eudrilus eugeniae. The formation of ZnS NPs through green synthesis was confirmed by using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FE-SEM, FT-IR, and XRD analyses. The clitellate earthworms were used to assess the effect of ZnS NPs by exposing to ZnS NPs 300 mg ZnS NPs per kg of OECD soil. On 0, 7, and 14 days of exposures, the coelomic fluid of the earthworms were separated and analyzed for total protein and protein profile, activities of enzyme markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and protease. The results on the analysis of coelomic fluid of E. eugeniae after exposure to ZnS NPs showed a significant increase in protein content from the initial levels of 1.51 to 2.32 mg/mL with a protein profile of 25–40 kDa size. The activity of SOD was significantly (P < 0.05) declined from initial levels whereas CAT and protease showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase on 7th day of exposure then declined. The results indicate that the ZnS NPs in OECD soil significantly interfere with the protein and enzyme markers, SOD, CAT, and protease in earthworm coelomic fluid.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to RUSA Scheme Phase 2.0 [F-24-51/2014–U, Policy (TNMulti-Gen), Dept of Edn., Govt. of India, dated 09.10.2018] for the facilities and support. The authors duly acknowledge Dr. (Mrs.) Thilagavathy Daniel, Professor (Retd.), Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed University), Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu, India, for going through the manuscript and critical comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India

    Muniyandi Biruntha, Jayaprakasam Archana & Kurumban Kavitha

  2. Department of Botany, V. V. Vanniaperumal College for Women (Autonomous), Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, 626001, India

    Balan Karunai Selvi

  3. Department of Zoology, Arumugam Pillai Seethai Ammal College, Tiruppattur, Tamil Nadu, 630211, India

    James Arockia John Paul

  4. Department of Biotechnology, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Missions’ Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Paiyanoor, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603104, India

    Ramalingam Balachandar

  5. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia

    Muthupandian Saravanan

  6. Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636007, India

    Natchimuthu Karmegam

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Biruntha, M., Archana, J., Kavitha, K. et al. Green Synthesis of Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles Using Abrus precatorius and Its Effect on Coelomic Fluid Protein Profile and Enzymatic Activity of the Earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae. BioNanoSci. 10, 149–156 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-019-00694-0

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