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Metals Extraction from Sulfide Ores with Microorganisms: The Bioleaching Technology and Recent Developments

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Abstract

Nowadays, due to fast global industrial progress and near diminution of high-grade ore reserves, there has been massive call to cost-effectively process the resources of low-grade ores and industrial effluents for metal extraction. However, conventional approaches cannot be used to process such resources due to high capital cost and energy, also causing environmental pollution. Alternatively, bioleaching is highly environmental friendly and economic method to process such resources. Metal recovery from metal sulfide ore is carried out by chemolithotrophic bacteria like Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. The same is done by heterotrophic microorganisms in non-sulfide ores. Additionally, for gold and copper extractions, bioleaching is used to extract cobalt, zinc, nickel, and uranium from low-grade ores and industrial effluents. In this review, the fundamental process of bioleaching from low-grade metal sulfide ores are discussed with emphasis on mechanism, types, pathways, techniques, and bioleaching development.

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Acknowledgement

This work was sponsored by CAS-TWAS President’s Fellowship for international Ph.D. students to WS and partially by the Natural Science Foundation of China (41572352).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China

    Wasim Sajjad, Guodong Zheng, Xiangxian Ma & Wang Xu

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China

    Wasim Sajjad & Wang Xu

  3. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan

    Ghufranud Din & Muhammad Rafiq

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  2. Guodong Zheng
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  3. Ghufranud Din
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  4. Xiangxian Ma
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  5. Muhammad Rafiq
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  6. Wang Xu
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Correspondence to Wasim Sajjad.

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Sajjad, W., Zheng, G., Din, G. et al. Metals Extraction from Sulfide Ores with Microorganisms: The Bioleaching Technology and Recent Developments. Trans Indian Inst Met 72, 559–579 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-018-1516-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-018-1516-4

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