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Environmental fate determination of the EPA sanctioned fungicidal agent Ametoctradin (M650F), stemming from triazolopyrimidine progeny

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Abstract

Ametoctradin fungicide’s ecotoxicological and lithospheric sorption properties have been thoroughly assessed through a variety of experimental techniques that mimic natural environmental circumstances. To achieve this, the current study examined the sorption and degradation of Ametoctradin in 10 different soil samples under carefully monitored laboratory conditions. The negative values of Gibbs-free energy (ΔG), which range from − 15.78 to − 23.56 kj/mol in thermodynamic analysis with a C-type curve are extensively assessed using both linear and Freundlich models. SS5 (soil with highest organic matter) depicted the maximum adsorption (Kd = 41.15 µg/ml), while SS8 (depicting low organic matter content) showed the lowest adsorption extent (Kd = 10.38 µg/ml). GC–MS analysis and UV–visible spectrophotometry were used to evaluate the hydrolytic and photolytic processes involved in Ametoctradin degradation. According to the findings, the hydrolytic and photolytic assays had lowest half-life values of 28.7 and 55.2 days, respectively. Furthermore, the Ametoctradin degradation followed first order reaction kinetics. Soil sample SS6 showed the maximum hydrolytic degradation (57%) due to higher sand content (42%), while SS3 showed the lowest hydrolytic degradation (21%) due to higher silt and clay content. The findings indicated that Ametoctradin exhibited above average binding to the chosen soils, resulting in medium to low persistence as shown by degradation values. Overall, this study offers insightful knowledge about the behavior and fate of Ametoctradin in various soil types, which can help with the creation of practical management plans and environmental risk assessments.

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Acknowledgements

The concept, idea, data and writing are the intellectual property right of Dr. Khuram Shahzad Ahmad and Lab E-21of Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, 46000, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. This work was supported by the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2024R374), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Current work has not been funded by any organization for open access publication. The research work was supported by the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2024R374), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Old Presidency, The Mall, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan

    Sara Majid & Khuram Shahzad Ahmad

  2. Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad K. Okla

  3. Department of Materials, Photon Science Institute and Sir Henry Royce Institute, Alan Turing Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK

    Muhammad Azad Malik

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  1. Sara Majid
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SM and KSA: performed the experimental work and wrote the main manuscript. DMKO and MAM: facilitate the analytical techniques availability and edited the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Khuram Shahzad Ahmad.

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Majid, S., Ahmad, K.S., Okla, M.K. et al. Environmental fate determination of the EPA sanctioned fungicidal agent Ametoctradin (M650F), stemming from triazolopyrimidine progeny. Environ Earth Sci 83, 130 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-024-11437-0

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