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Recent sediments of Arctic small lakes (Russia): geochemistry features and age

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Abstract

The article presents the first data on the study of a wide range of chemical elements in the water and sediments of small lakes located in the Arctic Zone of Russia. Among the selected objects are two lakes located in the urbanized areas. As a result, the sediments of all lakes were classified by the ratio of the main elements and the total content of organic matter. The concentration coefficients of all elements were calculated taking into average concentrations of different elements in the continental crust and the potentially toxic elements in the sediments of the background area. Analyzing sediment cores made it possible to evaluate the historical dynamics of the behavior of some metals and metalloids (Pb, Cd, Sb, Sn, Bi, Ni, Cu) in the aquatic environment during the industrial era, both in urbanized territories and in the background regions of the Arctic. The main natural and anthropogenic factors of the formation of geochemical anomalies in the concentrations of different elements, including potentially toxic ones, in the sediments studied, were identified. In urban areas, the main sources of metals entering the lake environment are emissions of the copper–nickel, thermal power plants, coal port, and an incineration plant. For all lakes, the pollution level of objects was estimated by calculating the geo-accumulation index and pollution load index. The most polluted lakes are the lakes of urban areas of the Arctic, the lakes of the background territories are characterized by a moderate level of pollution or no pollution.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are sincerely grateful to their colleagues A. S. Cherepanov, P. M. Terentyev, and D. B. Denisov for help in sampling water and sediments of lakes, as well as S. V. Burdukh, A. S. Paramonov, M. V. Ekhova, and V. L. Utitsina for the quality of analytical research. Also, the authors express their gratitude to reviewers for the quality assessment of the manuscript and valuable marks to improve it.

Funding

The studies were carried out in the framework of the implementation of the grant of the President of the Russian Federation No. MK-462.2019.5 titled “Paleolimnological reconstructions of technogenic events in the Arctic zone based on geochemical and geochronological data” (studying of the age of lake sediments of background areas of the North of Russia and analysis of trace element concentrations in these sediments) and the grant of the Russian Science Foundation No. 19-77-10007 (geochemistry of recent sediments from urban lakes of Murmansk region), as well as in the framework of the state assignment of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Geology) (assessment of concentrations of rare earth elements in lake sediments of Karelia) and the Kola Science Center of the RAS (Institute of the North Industrial Ecology Problems) (studying of the water chemistry of lakes).

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  1. Institute of the North Industrial Ecology Problems of Kola Science Center of RAS, Murmansk Region, Academgorodok Str., 14a, 184209, Apatity, Russia

    Zakhar Slukovskii, Alexandr Mitsukov, Vladimir Dauvalter, Lyubov Kudryavtzeva & Irina Elizarova

  2. Institute of Geology of Karelian Research Centre of RAS, Pushkinskaya Str., 11, 185910, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia

    Zakhar Slukovskii & Maxim Medvedev

  3. Saint Petersburg State University, 13B Universitetskaya Emb., 199034, St Petersburg, Russia

    Vasiliy Grigoriev

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Slukovskii, Z., Medvedev, M., Mitsukov, A. et al. Recent sediments of Arctic small lakes (Russia): geochemistry features and age. Environ Earth Sci 80, 302 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09609-3

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