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Trends and Sources of Heavy Metal Pollution in Global River and Lake Sediments from 1970 to 2018

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Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 257

Part of the book series: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ((RECT,volume 257))

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution is a global problem although its sources and trends differ by region and time. To data, no published research has reported heavy metal pollution in global rivers and lakes. This study reviewed past sampling data across six continents from 1970 to 2018 and analyzed the trends and sources of 10 heavy metal species in sediments from 289 rivers and 133 lakes. Collectively, river sediments showed increasing trends in Cd, Cr, Ni, Mn, and Co and decreasing trends in Hg, indicating that rivers acted as a sink for the former and a source for the latter. Lake sediments showed increasing trends in Pb, Hg, Cr, and Mn, and decreasing trends in Cd, Zn, and As, indicating that lakes acted as a sink for the former and a source for the latter. Due to difference in natural backgrounds and development stage in continents, mean metal concentrations were generally higher in Europe and North America than in Africa, Asia, and South America. Principal component analysis showed that main metal source was mining and manufacturing from the 1970s to 1990s and domestic waste discharge from the 2000s to 2010s. Metal sources in sediments differed greatly by continent, with rock weathering dominant in Africa, mining and manufacturing dominant in North America, and domestic waste discharge dominant in Asia and Europe. Global trends in sediment metal loads and pollution-control measures suggest that the implementation of rigorous standards on metal emissions, limitations on metal concentrations in manufactured products, and the pretreatment of metal-contaminated waste have been effective at controlling heavy metal pollution in rivers and lakes. Thus, these efforts should be extended globally.

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Abbreviations

CEC:

Council of the European Communities

EPA:

Environmental Protection Agency

EU:

European Union

M-K:

Mann–Kendall

MLR:

Multiple linear regression

PCA:

Principal component analysis

US:

United States

USA:

United States of America

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by the Chenzhou National Sustainable Development Agenda Innovation Demonstration Zone Construction Project (2019sfq21); Key Projects in Social Development Field of Hunan Innovative Province Construction (2019NK2011); the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province, China (19A225).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China

    Yandong Niu, Falin Chen, Youzhi Li & Bo Ren

  2. Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China

    Yandong Niu

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  1. Yandong Niu
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  2. Falin Chen
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Correspondence to Youzhi Li .

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  1. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Pim de Voogt

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Niu, Y., Chen, F., Li, Y., Ren, B. (2020). Trends and Sources of Heavy Metal Pollution in Global River and Lake Sediments from 1970 to 2018. In: de Voogt, P. (eds) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 257. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol 257. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2020_59

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