Abstract
The emergence of cities and the ongoing growth of urban areas have contributed to an overwhelming increase in negative environmental impacts. A major concern is the impact caused by the inadequate disposal of municipal solid waste in open dumps without proper regulation or planning. The negative impacts caused by the inadequate disposal of solid waste include the contamination of groundwater and soils, the proliferation of disease vectors, and odoriferous and visual pollution. One specific problem generated by the disposal of solid waste is the decomposition of the organic matter found in this waste, which generates leachates. These highly soluble substances can percolate through the soil and penetrate bodies of superficial water or the water table. The present study was based on the integration of geophysical data with physicochemical, hydrochemical, and microbiological analyses, as well as the analysis of heavy metal concentrations in water and leachate samples. Contamination was confirmed and may be associated with the leachate produced by the solid waste deposited inadequately at the study site. The results provide insights into important public health and safety issues, and should alert local authorities with regard to the environmental impacts caused by underground contamination in the Amazon town of Mocajuba (Brazil).
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank MSc. Amilton Gomes da Costa of the Toxicology Laboratory at the Environment Sector (SAMAM) of the Evandro Chagas Institute/Brazilian Ministry of Health (IEC/SVS/MS) and the doctoral student Andressa Barbosa Ribeiro (IECOS/UFPA) by their collaboration in the analyses. We also thank Dr. M. Ali Kaya and the other anonymous reviewer for their helpful and constructive comments which greatly improved this manuscript. We would like thank Dr. João A. dos Reis Júnior for the discussion about the GPR method. We would like thank Dr. Karina Gomes for the discussion about the IP method. Finally like to thank Talicia Machado Lira by her collaboration in the collection of water samples and leachate.
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de Cassia Silva Bacha, D., Santos, S., de Alcantara Mendes, R. et al. Evaluation of the contamination of the soil and water of an open dump in the Amazon Region, Brazil. Environ Earth Sci 80, 113 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09401-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09401-3