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Fractionation of chemical species in surface water from El Granero reservoir, Chihuahua, Mexico

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Abstract

Chemical species are highly dependent on the physical and chemical parameters of aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this work was to determine and characterise the fractionation of several chemical species (in colloidal and dissolved phase) in water from El Granero dam. Total dissolved solids, hardness, and chemical oxygen demand were recorded in situ. Soluble ions (Ca+, Mg+, Na+, K+, Cl−, F−, and SO42−) and alkalinity were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the Mexican standard, respectively. Ultrafiltration was used to separate the fractions (colloidal and dissolved) from the water samples. Elemental, radiological, mineralogical, and morphological characteristics were assessed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, alpha spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, respectively. The results showed that easily fractionated trace elements are more concentrated in colloids. Ca and Mg composed colloids, with low contents of Fe. The most abundant trace element in colloids were Sr, Li, Zn, Pb, As, Cu, Mo, V, Ti, and Cr. Conversely, Cu and V were in dissolved fraction. Colloids had high contents of 238U. Considering mineralogy, colloids are composed by calcite (CaCO3), halite (NaCl), and sodium carbonate/sulphate (Na6CO3(SO4)2). The colloidal material showed the formation of agglomerates due to their charge. The colloids were mainly formed by calcium and magnesium, which is consistent with the geological and arid conditions of the zone. From colloids composition, it was possible to obtain the fractionation of selective particle-reactive elements in surface water.

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Acknowledgements

Research financially supported by the CONACyT (Proyect CB-2011-01-16697). We are also grateful with the CIMAV (Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados) and the University of Seville.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Ecology, Autonomous University of Chihuahua (UACH), Perif. Fco. R. Almada Km 1, 31453, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico

    Z. K. Ortíz-Caballero, M. Rentería-Villalobos, E. Santellano-Estrada & A. Rentería-Monterrubio

  2. Research Centre of Advanced Materials, CIMAV, Miguel de Cervantes 120, 31109, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico

    M. E. Montero-Cabrera

  3. Department of Applied Physics II, University of Seville, Av. Reina Mercedes, Seville, Spain

    G. Manjón-Collado

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  1. Z. K. Ortíz-Caballero
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  2. M. Rentería-Villalobos
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  3. M. E. Montero-Cabrera
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Contributions

ZKO-C participated in the sample collection and processing, spectra analysis, result interpretation, and statistical data processing. MEM-C interpreted the results, processed the statistical data, and discussed the results. GM-C contributed to the spectra analysis, as well as interpretation and the discussion of the results. ALR-M supported in the discussion of the results and proofreading the English document. ES-E processed the statistical data and discussed the results. MR-V participated in the whole process; sampling collection, sample processing, spectra analysis, results interpretation, discussion, and writing. She is the corresponding author.

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Correspondence to M. Rentería-Villalobos.

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Ortíz-Caballero, Z.K., Rentería-Villalobos, M., Montero-Cabrera, M.E. et al. Fractionation of chemical species in surface water from El Granero reservoir, Chihuahua, Mexico. Environ Earth Sci 78, 718 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8756-4

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