Abstract
Roof step subsidence and support crushing accidents caused by the sliding instability of fractured single key stratum often occur in shallow coal seam (SCS). For this reason, the exploration of fracture displacement laws and control mechanism of key stratum in thin-topsoil SCS is of great significance for both roof control and safety production. From this perspective, in this study, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis were conducted to establish a mechanical model of the key stratum structure after sliding instability in thin-topsoil SCS. Moreover, its instability characteristics and re-stabilization control mechanism were analyzed. The results revealed that the fractured key stratum block could reach re-stabilization without any support crushing after sliding instability in thin-topsoil SCS depending on the significant unloading effect of the topsoil. The mechanical model of the key stratum structure after sliding instability was also analyzed to obtain the criterion for the re-stabilization of the sliding instable rock block. The computational analysis corroborated that increasing the support intensity could promote the re-stabilization of fractured key stratum block after sliding instability, and the required support working resistance could be obtained for preventing support crushing incidents.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Das P, Mohanty PR (2016) Resistivity imaging technique to delineate shallow subsurface cavities associated with old coal working: a numerical study. Environ Earth Sci 75:661. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5404-0
Dou LM, Li ZL, He XQ (2018) Principle of rock burst control by weakening static and dynamic loading using top-coal caving in the mining of thick coal seams. J China Univ Min Technol 47(2):221–230. https://doi.org/10.13247/j.cnki.jcumt.000830 (in Chinese)
Hao XJ, Xu JL, Zhu WB, Wang XZ, Lv WY, Liu JF (2010) Determination of reasonable support resistance when mining under unconsolidated highly-pressed confined aquifer. J Mining Safety Eng 27(3):416–420. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-3363.2010.03.023 (in Chinese)
Hou ZJ (1999) Study on key stratum in shallow seam. J China Coal Soc 24(4):359–363
Huang QX (1998) Study on roof control in shallow seam longwall mining. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 17(5):521–526
Huang P, Spearing S, Feng J, Jessu KV, Guo S (2018) Effects of solid backfilling on overburden strata movement in shallow depth longwall coal mines in West China. J Geophys Eng 15(5):2194–2208. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-2140/aac62c
Huang QX, Zhao MY, Tan YL, Huang KJ (2019) Study of roof double key strata structure and support resistance of shallow coal seams group mining. J China Univ Mining Technol 48(1):71–77. https://doi.org/10.13247/j.cnki.jcumt.000968
Jiang BY, Gu ST, Wang LG, Zhang GC, Li WS (2019) Strainburst process of marble in tunnel-excavation-induced stress path considering intermediate principal stress. J Cent South Univ 26(4):984–999. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-019-4065-z
Ju J, Xu J, Zhu W (2015) Longwall chock sudden closure incident below coal pillar of adjacent upper mined coal seam under shallow cover in the Shendong coalfield. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 77:192–201
Kotyrba A, Stańczyk K (2017) Sensing underground coal gasification by ground penetrating radar. Acta Geophys 65:1185–1196
Li Z, Xu JL, Yu SC, Ju JF, Xu JM (2018) Mechanism and prevention of a chock support failure in the longwall top-coal caving faces: a case study in Datong Coalfield, China. Energies 11:288. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11020288
Prakash A, Kumar N, Kumbhakar D, Singh AK, Paul A (2018) A safe depillaring design for shallow depth of cover with influence of surface ground movements: a study in Jharia Coalfield. Arab J Geosci 11:164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-3508-4
Qian MG, Shi PW, Xu JL (2010) Coal mine pressure and strata control. China University of Mining and Technology Press, Xuzhou
Wang XF, Wang Y, Zhang DS, Wang HZ, Zhang Y, Qin DD, Zhang CG (2017) Characteristics of strata behavior during thick seam mining by fully-mechanized top coal caving in a loess-covered gullied region. Minerals 7:63. https://doi.org/10.3390/min7040063
Wang CL, Zhang CS, Zhao XD, Liao L, Zhang SL (2018) Dynamic structural evolution of overlying strata during shallow coal seam longwall mining. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 103:20–32
Wei LK, Qi QX, Li HY, Zhang B, Wang YG, Kong LH (2015) A case study of damage energy analysis and an early warning by micro seismic monitoring for large area roof caving in shallow depth Seams. Shock Vib 2015:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/709459
Wu JH, Lin WK, Hu HT (2018) Post-failure simulations of a large slope failure using 3DEC: the Hsien-du-shan slope. Eng Geol 242:92–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.05.018
Yantek DS, Yan L, Damiano NW, Reyes MA, Srednicki JR (2019) A test method for evaluating the thermal environment of underground coal mine refuge alternatives. Int J Min Sci Technol 29:343–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2019.01.004
Zhang ZZ, Yu XY, Wu H, Deng M (2019) Stability control for gob-side entry retaining with supercritical retained entry width in thick coal seam longwall mining. Energies 12(7):1375. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12071375
Zhao T, Liu CY, Yetilmezsoy K, Gong PL, Li JW (2017a) Realization and engineering application of hydraulic support optimization in residual coal remining. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 32:2207–2219. https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-162311
Zhao T, Liu CY, Yetilmezsoy K, Zhang BS, Zhang S (2017b) Fractural structure of thick hard roof stratum using long beam theory and numerical modeling. Environ Earth Sci 76:751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-7103-x
Zhao YH, Wang SR, Zou ZS, Ge LL, Cui F (2018) Instability characteristics of the cracked roof rock beam under shallow mining conditions. Int J Min Sci Technol 28(3):437–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2018.03.005
Zhu G, Wu X, Yu S, Qian C, Dong YY, Zhang CJ, Wu C (2018) Face water control for mining thick, relatively shallow coal seams in the loess area of western China Mine. Water Environ 37(3):442–455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-018-0517-1
Acknowledgements
This paper was supported by the China National Key R&D Program during the 13th Five-year Plan Period (No. 2017YFC0603003), Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi Province (STIP) (No. 2019L0347), and the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51704204, No. 51974194), which is greatly appreciated by the authors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
There is no conflict of interest declared by the authors.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gong, P., Zhao, T., Yetilmezsoy, K. et al. Sliding instability characteristics and re-stabilization mechanism of key stratum in thin-topsoil SCS mining: a computer-aided case study from the Niushan Coal Mine, China. Environ Earth Sci 79, 8 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8691-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8691-4