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Surface Water Control for Mining Thick, Relatively Shallow Coal Seams in the Loess Area of Western China

中国西部黄土区浅埋深厚煤层地表水害防制

Regulierung des Oberflächenwassers für den Abbau mächtiger, relativ flachgründiger Kohleflöze in der Lössregion Westchinas

Control de aguas superficiales para la minería de vetas de carbón gruesas y relativamente poco profundas en el área de loess de China occidental

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Abstract

Disastrous surface water incursions can easily occur during mining in the loess area of western China because of the shallow depth and great thickness of the coal seams there. Effective water control and drainage measures are essential to prevent such disasters. Using panels 90102 and 90103 of the Antaibao Mine of the Pingshuo mining area, Shanxi Province, as a case study, we analyzed the causes of the problem and the risk of surface water infiltration. Based on the vertical zoning features of the predicted deformation of the overburden strata and ground movement, the water-conductive fracture zone was 149.7 m thick, which means that mining could induce the inrush of surface water into the mining areas. A comprehensive set of methods was proposed, including excavation of drainage ditches, backfilling of subsiding areas, and construction of underground drainage channels. While these modifications were made in response to the geological and topographical conditions and surface drainage patterns of this site, similar methods can be used for other mines in loess areas.

抽象

中国西部黄土区的浅埋厚煤层矿区易发生灾害性地表水突水,有效水害防制和疏水技术措施对此类水害防治致关重要。以山西平朔安太堡矿90102和90103盘区为例,分析了潜在地表水害形成原因和地表水入渗风险。基于顶板覆岩变形和岩层运动特征,预测导水裂隙带高度为149.7m,煤层回采可能诱发地表水突水。为此,提出包括开挖排水沟、回填塌陷区、完善井下排水系统等防治措施。防治措施因地质和地貌特征而有所不同,该防治水技术亦可应用于黄土区其它煤矿。

Zusammenfassung

Im Zuge des Bergbaus in der Lössregion Westchinas können sich schnell verheerende Wassereinbrüche ereignen, da die dortigen Kohleflöze in geringer Tiefe mit großer Mächtigkeit anstehen. Eine effektive Wasser-haltung und Entwässerungsmaßnahmen sind unumgänglich, um derartige Havarien zu vermeiden. Mit der Fallstudie der Abbaufelder 90102 und 90103 der Antaibao-Mine im Bergbaugebiet von Pingshuo, Provinz Shanxi, untersuchten wir die Ursachen für das Problem und das Risiko des Eindringens von Oberflächenwasser. Gestützt auf vertikale Zonenmerkmale aus der prognostizierten Verformung der Deckschichten und der Bodenbewegung wurde eine wasserleitende Bruchzone von 149,7 m Mächtigkeit abgeleitet. Dies bedeutet, dass der Bergbau einen Einbruch von Oberflächenwasser in die Abbaufelder auslösen kann. Es wurde ein umfassendes Maßnahmenbündel vorgeschlagen, darunter der Aushub von Entwässerungsgräben, das Wiederauffüllen von abgesunkenem Gelände, sowie der Bau unterirdischer Entwässerungskanäle. Während diese technischen Anpassungen als Reaktion auf die geologischen und topo¬graphischen Bedingungen und das Muster der Oberflächenentwässerung in diesem Gebiet erfolgten, können ähnliche Maßnahmen bei anderen Bergwerken in Lössgebieten zur Anwendung kommen.

Resumen

En la minería de la zona de loees de China occidental pueden ocurrir desastres por irrupciones de agua de superficie debido a la poca profundidad y gran espesor de las vetas de carbón en esa zona. Un efectivo control de agua y medidas de drenaje son esencial para prevenir tales desastres. Usando los paneles 90102 y 90103 de la mina Antaibao del área minera de Pingshuo, provincia de Shanxi, como un caso de estudio, hemos analizado las causas del problema y el riesgo de infiltración de agua de superficie. Basándose en las características de zonificación vertical de la deformación pronosticada de los estratos de sobrecarga y el movimiento del suelo, se predijo una zona de fractura conductora de agua de 149,7 m de espesor indicando que la minería podría provocar la irrupción de agua de superficie en las áreas de trabajo. Se propuso un conjunto de métodos incluyendo la excavación of zanjas de drenaje, relleno de áreas circundantes y construcción de canales subterráneosde drenaje. Si bien estas modificaciones se hicieron en respuesta a las condiciones geológicas y topográficas y patrones de drenaje superficial de este sitio, métodos similares pueden ser utilizados para otras minas en áreas de loess.

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Acknowledgements

The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41572227), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2652015125) and a Project supported by the Ministry of Land and Resources of China (201511056-3).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, NO. 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China

    Ge Zhu, Xiong Wu, Cheng Qian, Yanyan Dong, Chaojun Zhang & Chu Wu

  2. National School, Beijing Vocational College of Labour and Social Security, NO. 5 Huixindong Street, Beijing, 100082, China

    Shan Yu

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  1. Ge Zhu
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  2. Xiong Wu
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  3. Shan Yu
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  4. Cheng Qian
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  7. Chu Wu
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Correspondence to Ge Zhu.

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Zhu, G., Wu, X., Yu, S. et al. Surface Water Control for Mining Thick, Relatively Shallow Coal Seams in the Loess Area of Western China. Mine Water Environ 37, 442–455 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-018-0517-1

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