Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of irrigation with microcystins-contaminated water on growth, yield and grain quality of rice (Oryza sativa)

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Environmental Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Irrigation with microcystins-contaminated water threatens growth and yield of crops and human health. Growth of rice at booting stage is crucial for the yield of rice at mature stage. Hence, we studied growth, yield and grains quality of rice as well as accumulation of microcystins in different tissues of rice at booting stage exposed to 1, 100, 1000, and 3000 μg L−1 microcystins solution and then recovered (without microcystins). After a 7-day exposure, microcystins content in tissues was positively correlated with microcystins concentrations, and microcystins content in roots was the highest. In addition, microcystins content in grains of rice treated with 1, 100, 1000 and 3000 μg L−1 microcystins was 4.9, 7.1, 12.6 and 21.2 μg kg−1 dry weight, indicating that the microcystins in grains of rice treated with microcystins (≥1000 μg L−1) could pose a threat to human health through food chain. Low concentration microcystins (1 μg L−1) did not affect growth and photosynthesis, but high concentration microcystins (≥100 μg L−1) inhibited growth and photosynthesis. After a 7-day restoration, growth and photosynthesis in rice treated with microcystins (≥1000 μg L−1) were even worse than those during the exposure period. After maturity, yield of rice as well as protein and amylose content in grains of rice treated with microcystins (≥100 μg L−1) were all lower than those of the control. Our results imply that irrigation with microcystins-contaminated water must be monitored and controlled to avoid harmful accumulation of microcystins and damage to crops yield.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arnon DI (1949) Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol 24:1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banack SA, Caller T, Henegan P, Haney J, Murby A, Metcalf JS, Powell J, Cox PA, Stommel E (2015) Detection of cyanotoxins, beta-N-methylamino-l-alanine and Microcystins, from a lake surrounded by cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Toxins 7:322–336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bogialli S, di Gregorio FN, Lucentini L, Ferretti E, Ottaviani M, Ungaro N, Abis PP, de Grazia MC (2013) Management of a toxic cyanobacterium Bloom (Planktothrix rubescens) affecting an Italian drinking water basin: a case study. Environ Sci Technol 47:574–583

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calabrese EJ (2002) Hormesis: changing view of the dose-response, a personal account of the history and current status. Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res 511:181–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen J, Song L, Dai J, Gan N, Liu Z (2004) Effects of microcystins on the growth and the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase of rape (Brassica napus L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). Toxicon 43:393–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen W, Song L, Gan N, Li L (2006) Sorption, degradation and mobility of microcystins in Chinese agriculture soils: risk assessment for groundwater protection. Environ Pollut 144:752–758

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen J, Dai J, Zhang H, Wang C, Zhou G, Han Z, Liu Z (2010) Bioaccumulation of microcystin and its oxidative stress in the apple (Malus pumila). Ecotoxicology 19:796–803

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen J, Han FX, Wang F, Zhang H, Shi Z (2012) Accumulation and phytotoxicity of microcystin-LR in rice (Oryza sativa). Ecotox Environ Safe 76:193–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chia TF, He J (1999) Photosynthetic capacity in oncidium (Orchidaceae) plants after virus eradication. Environ Exp Bot 42:11–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chorus I, Bartram J (1999) Toxic cyanobacteria in water: a guide to their public health consequences, monitoring and management. Spon Press, London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Chorus I, Falconer IR, Salas HJ, Bartram J (2000) Health risks caused by freshwater cyanobacteria in recreational waters. J Toxicol Env Heal B 3:323–347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Codd GA, Metcalf JS, Beattie KA (1999) Retention of Microcystis aeruginosa and microcystin by salad lettuce (Lactuca sativa) after spray irrigation with water containing cyanobacteria. Toxicon 37:1181–1185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Contardo-Jara V, Schwanemann T, Pflugmacher S (2014) Uptake of a cyanotoxin, beta-N-methylamino-l-alanine, by wheat (Triticum aestivum). Ecotox Environ Safe 104:127–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corbel S, Mougin C, Bouaïcha N (2014) Cyanobacterial toxins: modes of actions, fate in aquatic and soil ecosystems, phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation in agricultural crops. Chemosphere 96:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gutierrez-Praena D, Jos A, Pichardo S, Moreno IM, Camean AM (2013) Presence and bioaccumulation of microcystins and cylindrospermopsin in food and the effectiveness of some cooking techniques at decreasing their concentrations: a review. Food Chem Toxicol 53:139–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hao H, Wei Y, Yang X, Feng Y, Wu C (2007) Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels on Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations in shoot and grain quality in Rice (Oryza sativa). Rice Sci 14:289–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heussner AH, Winter I, Altaner S, Kamp L, Rubio F, Dietrich DR (2014) Comparison of two ELISA-based methods for the detection of microcystins in blood serum. Chem Biol Interact 223:10–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hiscox J, Israelstam G (1979) A method for the extraction of chlorophyll from leaf tissue without maceration. Can J Bot 57:1332–1334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holst T, Jorgensen NO, Jorgensen C, Johansen A (2003) Degradation of microcystin in sediments at oxic and anoxic, denitrifying conditions. Water Res 37:4748–4760

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang J, Gu X, Song R, Wang X, Yang L (2011) Microcystin-LR induced oxidative stress and ultrastructural alterations in mesophyll cells of submerged macrophyte Vallisneria natans (Lour.) hara. J Hazard Mater 190:188–196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kummerová M, Krulová J, Zezulka ŠZ, Tříska J (2006) Evaluation of fluoranthene phytotoxicity in pea plants by Hill reaction and chlorophyll fluorescence. Chemosphere 65:489–496

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurki-Helasmo K, Meriluoto J (1998) Microcystin uptake inhibits growth and protein phosphatase activity in mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedlings. Toxicon 36:1921–1926

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lahrouni M, Oufdou K, Faghire M, Peix A, El Khalloufi F, Vasconcelos V, Oudra B (2012) Cyanobacterial extracts containing microcystins affect the growth, nodulation process and nitrogen uptake of faba bean (Vicia faba L., Fabaceae). Ecotoxicology 21:681–687

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawton LA, Edwards C, Codd GA (1994) Extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of microcystins in raw and treated waters. Analyst 119:1525–1530

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liang CJ, Wang WM (2013) Antioxidant response of soybean seedlings to joint stress of lanthanum and acid rain. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:8182–8191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liang CJ, Wang WM (2015) Response and recovery of rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings to irrigation with microcystin-contaminated water. Environ Earth Sci 73:4573–4580

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu B, Gong Y, Xiao B, Liu J, Liu Y (2008) A laboratory study on risk assessment of microcystin-RR in cropland. J Environ Manage 86:566–574

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maestre-Valero J, Martínez-Alvarez V, Nicolas E (2013) Physical, chemical and microbiological effects of suspended shade cloth covers on stored water for irrigation. Agr Water Manage 118:70–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez C, Prodolliet J (1996) Determination of amylose in cereal and non-cereal starches by a colorimetric assay: collaborative study. Starch-starke 48:81–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M-Hamvas M, Máthé C, Molnár E, Vasas G, Grigorszky I, Borbely G (2003) Microcystin-LR alters the growth, anthocyanin content and single-stranded DNase enzyme activities in Sinapis alba L. seedlings. Aquat Toxicol 62:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monferran MV, Wunderlin DA, Nimptsch J, Pflugmacher S (2007) Biotransformation and antioxidant response in Ceratophyllum demersum experimentally exposed to 1,2- and 1,4-dichlorobenzene. Chemosphere 68:2073–2079

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira S, Saker ML, Vale M, Vasconcelos VM (2009) Comparison of sensitivity of grasses (Lolium perenne L. and Festuca rubra L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) exposed to water contaminated with microcystins. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 83:81–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perron M-C, Qiu B, Boucher N, Bellemare F, Juneau P (2012) Use of chlorophyll a fluorescence to detect the effect of microcystins on photosynthesis and photosystem II energy fluxes of green algae. Toxicon 59:567–577

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peuthert A, Chakrabarti S, Pflugmacher S (2007) Uptake of microcystins-LR and -LF (Cyanobacterial toxins) in seedlings of several important agricultural plant species and the correlation with cellular damage (lipid peroxidation). Environ Toxicol 22:436–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pflugmacher S (2004) Promotion of oxidative stress in the aquatic macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum during biotransformation of the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR. Aquat Toxicol 70:169–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pflugmacher S, Hofmann J, Huebner B (2007) Effects on growth and physiological parameters in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in soil and irrigated with cyanobacterial toxin contaminated water. Environ Toxicol Chem 26:2710–2716

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad PVV, Boote KJ, Allen LH, Sheehy JE, Thomas JMG (2006) Species, ecotype and cultivar differences in spikelet fertility and harvest index of rice in response to high temperature stress. Field Crop Res 95:398–411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saqrane S, El Ghazali I, Oudra B, Bouarab L, Vasconcelos V (2008) Effects of cyanobacteria producing microcystins on seed germination and seedling growth of several agricultural plants. J Environ Sci Heal B 43:443–451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saqrane S, Ouahid Y, El Ghazali I, Oudra B, Bouarab L, del Campo FF (2009) Physiological changes in Triticum durum, Zea mays, Pisum sativum and Lens esculenta cultivars, caused by irrigation with water contaminated with microcystins: a laboratory experimental approach. Toxicon 53:786–796

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sedmak JJ, Grossberg SE (1977) A rapid, sensitive, and versatile assay for protein using Coomassie brilliant blue G250. Anal Biochem 79:544–552

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Svrcek C, Smith DW (2004) Cyanobacteria toxins and the current state of knowledge on water treatment options: a review. J Environ Eng Sci 3:155–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vassilakaki M, Pflugmacher S (2008) Oxidative stress response of Synechocystis sp. (PCC 6803) due to exposure to microcystin-LR and cell-free cyanobacterial crude extract containing microcystin-LR. J Appl Phycol 20:219–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao FG, Zhao XL, Tang J, Gu XH, Zhang JP, Niu WM (2009) Determination of microcystin-LR in water from Lake Tai, China. Bull Environ Contamin Toxicol 82:230–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yin L, Huang J, Huang W, Li D, Wang G, Liu Y (2005) Microcystin-RR-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and alteration of antioxidant systems in tobacco BY-2 cells. Toxicon 46:507–512

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zegura B, Straser A, Filipic M (2011) Genotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity of cyanobacterial toxins—a review. Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res 727:16–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu Y, Di T, Xu G, Chen X, Zeng H, Yan F, Shen Q (2009) Adaptation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase of rice roots to low pH as related to ammonium nutrition. Plant Cell Environ 32:1428–1440

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31000245, 31370517). The authors have declared no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China

    Chanjuan Liang, Weimin Wang & Yu Wang

  2. Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Wuxi, 214122, China

    Chanjuan Liang

Authors
  1. Chanjuan Liang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Weimin Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yu Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chanjuan Liang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liang, C., Wang, W. & Wang, Y. Effect of irrigation with microcystins-contaminated water on growth, yield and grain quality of rice (Oryza sativa). Environ Earth Sci 75, 505 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-5121-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-5121-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation