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Syngas Characterization and Electric Performance Evaluation of Gasification Process Using Forest Plantation Biomass

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Abstract

Forest plantations biomass is an interesting energy source for power generation with downdraft gasifier of less than 1 MW in Costa Rica. Thus, this work aims at evaluating the performance and efficiency of the electrical and thermal energy generation system in a downdraft gasifier with five woody biomass (Acacia mangium, Cupressus lusitanica, Gmelina arborea, Tectona grandis and Eucalyptus saligna). The biomass flow (10.9–13.5 kg/h) produced 18.1–22.5 kg/h of syngas flows. The ash production was 0.26–0.41 kg/h, and the biochar flow was 3.9–4.6 kg/h. The LHV of the syngas obtained was 5.77–6.77 MJ/Nm3, and the dry and tar free syngas composition was: 22.86–26.77% for CO, 4.08–5.74% for CH4, 14.56–17.61% for H2 and 10.19–13.49% for CO2. On the other hand, the electrical parameters showed a suitable performance for power generation, with 21.66–22.45 MJ/h, and an energy efficiency of 11.68- 14.25%. The motor energy efficiency was 18.02–20.88%, showing an electrical yield between 456 and 555 kWh/t. The cold gas efficiency obtained was 58.51–80.60%. The chemical properties seem to correlate the most with the production and characteristics of syngas, charcoal or ash during gasification. Finally, 5 species presented different properties, but the production and efficiency of the gasifier was little affected by these differences, but Eucalyptus saligna was less efficient parameters for thermal energy and electricity generation.

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Data Availability

The datasets used during the current work are available from the corresponding author request.

Abbreviations

BC:

Bark content

C:

Carbon content

CC:

Cellulose content

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

CH4 :

Methane

Dchips :

Chip density

EMC:

Equilibrium moisture content

H2 :

Hydrogen

H2O:

Water

LC:

Lignin content

LHV:

Low heating value (LHV) and volatile content (VC)

MC:

Moisture content

MC-G:

Moisture content at feedstock gasification

MC-OD:

Moisture content at oven-dried condition

N2 :

Nitrogen

O2 :

Oxygen

S:

Sulfur content

TOC:

Total organic carbon

VC:

Volatile content

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Extensión, of the Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR, Cartago, Costa Rica) and the Chemical Engineering Department of the University of Costa Rica for this project’s financial support. Special thank to Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Telecomunicaciones (MICITT) and Comisión Nacional de Ciencia y tecnología for economical sopport (FI-084-13).

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The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. BIOMATEC, San José, Costa Rica

    Marco Chaves

  2. Chemical Engineering Department, Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica

    Cindy Torres

  3. Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, 159-7050, Apartado, Costa Rica

    Carolina Tenorio, Roger Moya & Dagoberto Arias-Aguilar

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  1. Marco Chaves
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by [Marco Chaves, Cindy Torres, Carolina Tenorio, Róger Moya and Dagoberto Arias-Aguilar. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Róger Moya and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Chaves, M., Torres, C., Tenorio, C. et al. Syngas Characterization and Electric Performance Evaluation of Gasification Process Using Forest Plantation Biomass. Waste Biomass Valor 15, 1291–1308 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02231-3

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