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Self-emulsifiable Bioactive Derivatives of Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (tCNSL) Developed to Control Aedes aegypti Populations

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Abstract

The use of insecticides to control vector mosquitoes is still a necessary practice in many countries. Due to the negative impacts and increasing mosquito resistance to synthetic insecticides, environmentally friendly alternatives are needed. In this context, products derived from the technical cashew nut shell liquid (tCNSL) have shown promise as larvicides to control Aedes aegypti. Our objective was to develop 5 new self-emulsifiable bioactive derivatives from partial tCNSL neutralization reactions with 2 inorganic and 3 organic bases, and to determine their larvicidal activities against Ae. aegypti. We also evaluated their antimicrobial activities and ecotoxicological potential. All five bioactive derivatives of tCNSL had larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti. Four bioactive derivatives had some bacteriostatic activity, but none had fungicidal activity. Although the five bioactive derivatives are toxic against aquatic organisms, in general they were less toxic against Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Daphnia similis, and Oreochromis niloticus, than the larvicides recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Considering the development of low-cost multifunctional bioproducts it is suggested that the bioactive derivative obtained from tCNSL that was partially neutralized whit NaOH (tCNSLNa) can be incorporated into sanitizing products for Ae. aegypti domestic control.

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Data Availability

The analyzes developed and the data generated from this research are included in this article, in addition to containing supplementary information (appendix).

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful for financial support for this study and a postgraduate scholarship from the Support Foundation for the Development of Education, Science and Technology of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). The UFGD provided logistical support and infrastructure. We thank the Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Genotoxicity (LECOGEN) for all support during the development of this study. The RESIBRAS (Fortaleza, CE, Brazil) supplied the technical cashew nut shell liquid from which the bioactive compounds were synthesized. The SUCEN (Marília, SP, Brazil) and the Biosciences Institute of the UFMS (Campo Grande, MS, Brazil) supplied Ae. aegypti Rockefeller eggs. AQUAFORTE (Dourados, MS) donated O. niloticus fingerlings.

Funding

Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), and Foundation to Support the Development of Education, Science and Technology of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12 – Unidade II, Cidade Universitária, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil

    Hélina dos Santos Nascimento, Bruno do Amaral Crispim, Felipe Mendes Merey, Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso, Kelly Mari Pires de Oliveira, Fabiana Gomes da Silva Dantas, Eduardo José de Arruda & Alexeia Barufatti

  2. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Rua São Nicolau, Diadema, SP, 210, 09913-030, Brazil

    Fábio Kummrow

  3. Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, Km 12 – Unidade II, Cidade Universitária, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil

    Ricardo Augusto dos Passos & Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso

  4. Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil

    Diego Lomonaco

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  1. Hélina dos Santos Nascimento
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  2. Bruno do Amaral Crispim
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Contributions

HSN: formulation, methodology, validation, research, writing—proofreading and editing, visualization. BAC: conceptualization, methodology, research, validation, writing—revision and editing, resources, supervision, project administration. FMM: methodology, research, writing—proofreading and editing, visualization. FK: formal analysis, writing—proofreading and editing, visualization. RAP: methodology, resource, writing—review, visualization. CALC: methodology, research, writing—revision and editing. DLVO: methodology, research, writing—revision and editing. KMPO: methodology, validation, review, visualization. FGSD: methodology, validation, writing—proofreading and editing. EJA: conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, research, resources, writing—proofreading and editing, visualization, acquisition of funding. AB: conceptualization, methodology, validation, resources, formal analysis, writing—proofreading and editing, supervision, acquisition of financing, project administration. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Alexeia Barufatti.

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All experimental procedures using Oreochromis niloticus for the development of this study followed the ethical principles of the Animal Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Grande Dourados (CEUA/UFGD), under protocol nº 09/2017-2.

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Nascimento, H.d., Crispim, B.d., Merey, F.M. et al. Self-emulsifiable Bioactive Derivatives of Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (tCNSL) Developed to Control Aedes aegypti Populations. Waste Biomass Valor 13, 2539–2552 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-022-01683-3

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