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Structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Gd-doped In2O3 nanocrystalline powder

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Abstract

The Gd-doped In2O3 nanocrystalline powder was synthesized via a solid-state reaction process, with varying gadolinium concentration, and is well-suited for spintronic applications. Detailed spectroscopy techniques were employed to investigate the structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic characteristics of nanocrystalline powder composed of In2O3 doped with Gd. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis has confirmed the presence of the cubic bixbyite structure in Gd-doped In2O3 material, with the (2 2 2) plane and a lattice constant ranging from 10.06 to 10.18 Å. The samples exhibit crystallite sizes below 60 nm and maintain good crystallinity when the Gd content fluctuates. The energy band gap of Gd-doped In2O3 was determined using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer to be within the range of 2.89 and 2.96 eV. The emission spectrum was analyzed using photoluminescence spectral measurements with an excitation wavelength of 410 nm. Peaks in the spectrum were detected in the violet, green, and red regions. The magnetic hysteresis loop exhibited the presence of weak ferromagnetism in Gd-doped In2O3, while pure In2O3 is paramagnetic.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express my gratitude to the VIT management for their provision of research facilities, which have greatly supported my work. The authors express their gratitude to Dr. Abdul Azeem, an Associate Professor in Physics at NIT Warangal, for the photoluminescence characterization facility. The authors express their gratitude to Dr. G A. Basheed, a Scientist at CSIR-NPL, New Delhi, for the VSM data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Deparment of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 522237, India

    L. Rajesh Ch & N. M. Rao

  2. School of Electronics Engineering, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 522237, India

    M. K. Chakravarthi

  3. Deparment of Science & Humanities, MLR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500043, India

    L. Rajesh Ch

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  1. L. Rajesh Ch
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Correspondence to N. M. Rao.

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Rajesh Ch, L., Rao, N.M. & Chakravarthi, M.K. Structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Gd-doped In2O3 nanocrystalline powder. Indian J Phys (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-024-03209-0

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