Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a well-known neuropeptide with strong neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects. PACAP exerts its protective actions via three G protein-coupled receptors: the specific Pac1 receptor (Pac1R) and the Vpac1/Vpac2 receptors, the neuroprotective effects being mainly mediated by the Pac1R. The protective role of PACAP in models of Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases is now well-established in both in vitro and in vivo studies. PACAP and its receptors occur in the mammalian brain, including regions associated with Parkinson’s disease. PACAP receptor upregulation or downregulation has been reported in several injury models or human diseases, but no data are available on alterations of receptor expression in Parkinson’s disease. The model closest to the human disease is the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced macaque model. Therefore, our present aim was to evaluate changes in Pac1R expression in basal ganglia related to Parkinson’s disease in a macaque model. Monkeys were rendered parkinsonian with MPTP, and striatum, pallidum, and cortex were evaluated for Pac1R immunostaining. We found that Pac1R immunosignal was markedly reduced in the caudate nucleus, putamen, and internal and external parts of the globus pallidus, while the immunoreactivity remained unchanged in the cortex of MPTP-treated parkinsonian monkey brains. This decrease was attenuated in some brain areas in monkeys treated with l-DOPA. The strong, specific decrease of the PACAP receptor immunosignal in the basal ganglia of parkinsonian macaque monkey brains suggests that the PACAP/Pac1R system may play an important role in the development/progression of the disease.
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Acknowledgments
Hungarian Brain Research Program—KTIA_13_NAP-A-III/5, 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002, GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00050 “PEPSYS,” Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (FIS PI13 01293; ISCIII Plan Estatal de I+D+I 2013-2016), Fundacion Seneca (FS/19540/PI/14), and IMIB (Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, MTH). The National Research, Development and Innovation Fund K119759 and NKFIH-124188, PTE AOK Research Grant No. KA-2017-01, AOK KA Research Grants, TAMOP 4.2.4.A/2-11-1-2012-0001 “National Excellence Program,” UNKP-16-4-IV New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities, and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pecs. EFOP-3.6.1.-16-2016-00004, Comprehensive Development for Implementing Smart Specialization Strategies at the University of Pecs, MTA-TKI 14016, Bolyai Scholarship. The present scientific contribution is dedicated to the 650th anniversary of the foundation of the University of Pecs, Hungary. Authors are thankful to Miss Aniko Kiss for her excellent tachnical contribution to immunolabelings.
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All studies were approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Murcia and carried out in accordance with the guidelines of the European Convention for the protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other scientific purposes of the Council of Europe (no. 123, June 15th, 2006) and the European Communities Council Directive 2010/63/ECC.
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Feher, M., Gaszner, B., Tamas, A. et al. Alteration of the PAC1 Receptor Expression in the Basal Ganglia of MPTP-Induced Parkinsonian Macaque Monkeys. Neurotox Res 33, 702–715 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-017-9841-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-017-9841-7