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Interactive Effects of Ascophyllum nodosum Seaweed Extract and Silicon on Growth, Fruit Yield and Quality, and Water Productivity of Tomato under Water Stress

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Abstract

Agricultural crops including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are severely affected by drought, which is a critical abiotic stress. Biostimulants, such as Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract (ASE), and silicon (Si) are independently used in alleviating drought stress and in enhancing growth and productivity of agronomic and horticultural crops. The present study was conducted to assess the combined effects of ASE and Si on growth, fruit yield, fruit quality, and water productivity of tomato under water stress. Five doses of ASE (0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, and 5 mL L−1) were applied in combination with 60 kg ha−1 soluble Si in the form of monosilicic acid (as soil incorporation regardless of ASE doses) along with a control (where no ASE or Si was applied) under three soil moisture regimes of 50%, 75%, and 100% field capacity (FC). Data on growth, fruit yield, water productivity, fruit quality, and physio-biochemical parameters of tomato were collected. The results revealed that severe water stress of 50% FC negatively affected growth, physiological traits, and fruit yield of tomato (43–80% lower yield across ASE doses) compared with those at 100% FC, whereas fruit quality parameters (total soluble solids, fruit firmness, color index, and fruit pH) increased with reduced soil moisture regime. Application of ASE at 3.75 and 5 mL L−1 in combination with soluble Si at 60 kg ha−1 resulted in statistically similar fruit yields under a sufficient soil moisture level of 100% FC and a moderate soil moisture level of 75% FC, respectively. A consistent trend of higher fruit yield and water productivity was observed for plants supplemented with 5 mL L−1 ASE and 60 kg ha−1 soluble Si regardless of soil moisture regimes. Similarly, individual Si supplementation at 60 kg ha−1 was also effective and caused 207% increase in fruit yield even at severe water stress of 50% FC compared with the control. However, a combined application of ASE and Si had more promising results than the sole application of Si. Exogenous soil application of ASE at 5 mL L−1 along with soluble Si at 60 kg ha−1 holds promise for tomato production under moderate to sufficient soil moisture availability.

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Data Availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on request.

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Funding

This research was supported by the National Agricultural Technology Program (Phase-II), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Bangladesh, and the Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural Systems and Engineering, Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand

    Mostak Ahmed, Hayat Ullah & Avishek Datta

  2. On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

    Mostak Ahmed

  3. Sustainable Natural Resources Management Section, International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai, 14660, United Arab Emirates

    Ahmed Attia

  4. National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand

    Rujira Tisarum & Suriyan Cha-um

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All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. MA acquired the data and performed the statistical analysis with guidance from HU and AD. MA drafted the manuscript, and HU, AA, RT, SC, and AD critically reviewed it for important intellectual content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Avishek Datta.

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Ahmed, M., Ullah, H., Attia, A. et al. Interactive Effects of Ascophyllum nodosum Seaweed Extract and Silicon on Growth, Fruit Yield and Quality, and Water Productivity of Tomato under Water Stress. Silicon 15, 2263–2278 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-022-02180-x

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