Abstract
The Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/Silicon Carbide (SiC) nanocomposites thin films have been precipitated on glass substrates with different percentage content of SiC (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% wt.) by utilizing the casting method. UV-Visible wavelength ranges from (200–800 nm) were used to compute the optical properties. The results of (PVA/SiC) nanocomposite thin films were used to calculate optical properties such as absorption, refractive, index, extinction factor, dielectric constants, and optical conductivity. The optical parameters increased with increasing the concentration of SiC nanoparticles. The energy gap for direct transition has decreased from 5.2 eV to 5.0 eV, while the indirect transition reduced from 4.3 eV to 4.0 eV. The direct forbidden dropped from 5.1 eV to 5.0 eV, but the value of indirect forbidden change from 4.0 eV to 3.6 eV. The results stated that increases in nano SiC in the structure of PVA lattice is accompanied with decreasing the energy gap value. The results have shown that the urbach energy of (PVA/SiC) increase with increasing SiC content. The dielectric constant high-frequency values were estimated at 3.534 to 2.755. Whereas carrier concentricity per the effective mass \( \left(\frac{\boldsymbol{N}}{{\boldsymbol{m}}^{\ast }}\right) \) declines from (7.905*1061 (m3. Kg)−1 to 2.408 × 1061 (m3. Kg)−1), while the unique oscillator energy range change from 6.073 eV to 20.685 eV. But regarding the energy of the dispersion decrease from 4.625 eV to 46.484 eV. The (PVA/SiC) thin films may be used in many fields of optoelectronics as: solar cells and electronic applications with low cost, which is used in spectroscopic features and electronics.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sharma SK, Prakash J, Sudarshan K, Sen D, Mazumder S, Pujari PK (2015) Structure at interphase of poly(vinyl alcohol)–SiC nanofiber composite and its impact on mechanical properties:positron annihilation and small-angle x-ray scattering studies. Macromolecules 48:5706–5713
Ningaraju S, Prakash AG, Ravikumar HB (2018) Studies on free volume controlled electrical properties of PVA/NiO and PVA/TiO2 polymer nanocomposites. Solid State Ionics 320:132–147
Csanádi T, Vojtko M, Dankházi Z, Reece MJ, Dusza J (2020) Small scale fracture and strength of high-entropy carbide grains during microcantilever bending experiments. J Eur Ceram Soc 40:4774–4782
Hashim A, Hadi Q (2017) Novel of (niobium carbide/polymer blend) nanocomposites: fabrication and characterization for pressure sensor. Sens Lett 15(951. 15):1003–1009
Ebn-alwaled AA, Thabet A (2016) Controlling the optical constants of PVC nanocomposite films for optoelectronic applications. J Synth Met 220:374–383
Sayed AM, Morsi WM (2013) Dielectric relaxation and optical properties of polyvinyl chloride/lead monoxide nanocomposites. Polym Compos 34:2031–2039
Mahmoud WE, Al-Ghamdi AA (2011) The influence of Cd (ZnO) on the structure, optical and thermal stabilities of polyvinyl chloride nanocomposites. Polym Compos 32:1143–1147
Taha TA, Azab AA (2019) Thermal, optical, and dielectric investigations of PVC/La0.95Bi0.05FeO3 nanocomposites. J Mol Struct. 1178:39–44
Hermann K, Witko M (2001) Theory of physical and chemical behavior of transition metal oxides: vanadium and molybdenum oxides. In oxide surf. Amsterdam: Elsevier 9:136–198
Hashim A, Hadi A (2017) Synthesis and characterization of (MgO–Y2O3–CuO) nanocomposites for novel humidity sensor application. Sens Lett 15:858–861
Balko J, Csanádi T, Sedlák R, Vojtko M, Kovalčíková A, Koval K (2017) Nanoindentation and tribology of VC, NbC and ZrC refractory carbides. J Eur Ceram Soc 37:4371–4377
Young, D. C. (2001) A practical guide for applying techniques to real-world problems. Book
Norman TJ, Magana D, Wilson T, Burns C, Zhang JZ, Cao D, Bridges F (2003) Optical and surface structural properties of Mn2+−doped ZnSe nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 107:6309–6317
Maensiri S, Sangmanee M, Wiengmoon A (2009) Magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) nanostructures fabricated by electrospinning. Nanoscale Res Lett 4:221–228
Waghmare RV, Belsare NG, Raghuwanshi FC, Shilaskar SN (2007) Study of dc electrical conductivity of paranitroaniline doped (1:1) polyvinylchloride and poly (methyl methacrylate) polyblends. Bull Mater Sci 30:167–172
Muradov MB (2008) The influence of the type of polymer matrix on the photoluminescence from cadmium sulfide nanoparticles. Optoelectron Adv Mater Rapid Commun 2:85–88
Ghows N, Entezari MH (2011) A novel method for the synthesis of CdS nanoparticles without surfactant. Ultrason Sonochem 18:269–275
Cui HN, Costa MF, Teixeira V, Zhang J (2006) Solution-grown method of CdS film by ultrasonical colloid chemistry deposition technique. Int J Photoenergy 24916:1–4
Gandhi S, Abiramipriya P, Pooja N, Jeyakumari JJL, Arasi AY, Dhanalakshmi V, Anbarasan R (2011) Synthesis and characterizations of nano sized MgO and its nano composite with poly(vinyl alcohol). J Non-Cryst Solids 357:181–185
Sharma SK, Prakash J, Sudarshan K, Sen D, Mazumder S, Pujari PK (2015) Structure at interphase of poly(vinyl alcohol)–SiC nanofiber composite and its impact on mechanical properties: positron annihilation and small-angle X-ray scattering studies. Macromolecules 48:5706–5713
Ningaraju S, Prakash AG, Ravikumar HB (2018) Studies on free volume controlled electrical properties of PVA/NiO and PVA/TiO2 polymer nanocomposites. Solid State Ionics 320:132–147
Xiang Q, Yu J, Jaroniec M (2012) Graphene based semiconductor photocatalysts. Chem Soc Rev 41:782–796
Sk MM, Yue CY, Ghosh K, Jena RK (2016) Review on advances in porous nanostructured nickel oxides and their composite electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 308:121–140
Hdidar M, Chouikhi S, Fattoum A, Arous M, Kallel A (2018) Influence of TiO2 rutile doping on the thermal and dielectric properties of nanocomposite films based PVA. J Alloys Compd 750:375–383
Mahendia S, Tomar AK, Kumar S (2010) Electrical conductivity and dielectric spectroscopic studies of PVA–ag nanocomposite films. J Alloys Compd 508:406–411
Balko J, Csanádi T, Sedlák R, Vojtko M, Kovalčíková A, Koval K, Naughton-Duszová A (2017) Nanoindentation and tribology of VC, NbC and ZrC refractory carbides. J Eur Ceram Soc 37(14):4371–4377
Abed RN, Abdallh M, Rashad AA, Hadawey A, Yousif E (2021) New coating synthesis comprising CuO:NiO/C to obtain highly selective surface for enhancing solar energy absorption. Polym Bull 78:433–455
Phukan P, Saikia D (2013) Optical and structural investigation of CdSe quantum dots dispersed in PVA matrix and photovoltaic applications. Int J Photoenergy 2013, Article ID 728280:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/728280
Indolia AP, Gaur MS (2013) Optical properties of solution grown PVDF ZnO nanocomposite thin films. J Polym Res 20:1–8
Al-Taa’y W, Nabi MA, Yusop RM, Yousif E, Abdullah BM, Salimon J, Salih N, Zubairi SI (2014) Effect of Nano ZnO on the Optical Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride) Films. Int J Polym Sci:2014, Article ID 697809, 1–2016
Al-Taa'y WA, Ameer AA, Al-Dahhan WH, Abddallh M, Yousif E (2015) Optical constants of poly(vinyl chloride) doped by nano ZnO. J Chem Pharm Res 7:536–541
Rathore BS, Gaur MS, Singh F, Singh KS (2012) Optical and dielectric properties of 55 MeV carbon beam-irradiated polycarbonate films. Radiat Eff Defects Solids 167:131–140
El Sayed AM, Morsi WM (2014) α-Fe2O3/(PVA+PEG) nanocomposite films; synthesis, optical, and dielectric characterizations. J Mater Sci 49:5378–5387
Subramanian S, Padiyan DP (2008) Effect of structural, electrical and optical properties of electrodeposited bismuth selenide thin films in polyaniline aqueous medium. Mater Chem Phys 107:392–398
Hassanien AS, Akl AA (2015) Influence of composition on optical and dispersion parameters of thermally evaporated non-crystalline Cd50S50-xSex thin films. J AlloysCompd 648:280–290
Kumari L, Li WZ, Vannoy CH, Leblanc RM, Wang DZ (2009) Vertically aligned and interconnected nickel oxide nanowalls fabricated by hydrothermal route. Cryst Res Technol 44:495–499
Muiva CM, Sathiaraj TS, Mwabora JM (2012) Chemical bond approach to optical properties of some flash evaporated Se100-XSbX chalcogenide alloys. Eur Phys J Appl Phys 59(10301):P1–P7
Al-Taa’y WA, Oboudi SF, Yousif E, Nabi MA, Yusop RM, Derawi D (2015) Fabrication and characterization of nickel chloride doped PMMA films. Adv Mater Sci Eng 2015, Article ID 913260:1–5
Gutierrez MT, Ortega J (1989) Electrochemical preparation and characterization of n-CdSe0.65Te0.35 polycrystalline thin films: influence of annealing. Solar Energy Mater 19:383–393
Mirovsky Y, Tenne R, Hodes G, Cahen D (1982) Photoelectrochemical solar cells: interpretation of cell performance using electrochemical determination of photoelectrode properties. Thin Solid Films 91:349–356
Manzoor S, Husain S, Somvanshi A, Fatema M, Zarrin N (2019) Exploring the role of Zn doping on the structure, morphology, and optical properties of LaFeO3. Appl Phys A Mater Sci Process 125(509):1–11
Obreja P, Kusko M, Cristea D, Puric M, Comanescu F (2010) Influence of AlCl3 on the optical properties of new synthesized 3-armed poly (methyl methacrylate) films. Proceedings of the symposium on photonics technologies for 7th frame work program, Wroclaw, pp 392–395
Abdullah OG, Saber DR (2012) Optical absorption of poly-vinyl alcohol films doped with nickel chloride. Appl Mech Mater 110–116:177–182
Al-Taa’y W, Nabi MA, Yusop RM, Yousif E, Abdullah BM, Salimon J, Salih N, Zubairi SI (2014) Effect of Nano ZnO on the optical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) films. Int J Polym Sci:2014, Article ID 697809, 1–2016
Yakuphanoglu F, Sekerci M, Balaban A (2005) The effect of film thickness on the optical absorption edge and optical constants of the Cr (III) organic thin films. Opt Mater 27:1369–1372
Hassan RM, Mahmoud AZ, Abdel-Rahim MA, Assaedi HS, Alraddadi SW, Abd-Elnaiem AM (2021) Effect of thermal annealing on structure and optical properties of amorphous As30Te64Ga6 thin films. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 31:3037–3053
Al-Taa'y WA, Ameer AA, Al-Dahhan WH, Abddallh M, Yousif E (2015) Optical constants of poly(vinyl chloride) doped by nano ZnO. J Chem Pharm Res 7:536–541
Pankove JI (1975) Optical Processes in Semiconductors. book, Dover, New York
Fink D (2004) Fundamentals of Ion-Irradiated Polymers. Springer-Verlag, Berlin book
Xiang J, Lu W, Hu Y, Wu Y, Yan H, Lieber CM (2006) Ge/Si nanowire heterostructures as high-performance field-effect transistors. Nature 441:489–493
Hassanien AS, Sharma I (2020) Optical properties of quaternary aGe15xSbxSe50Te35 thermally evaporated thin-films: refractive index dispersion and single oscillator parameters. Optik 200(163415):1–15
Kozlovskiy A, Shlimasa I, Dukenbayev K, Zdorovets M (2019) Structure and corrosion properties of thin TiO2 films obtained by magnetron sputtering. Vacuum 164:224–232
Zahan M, Podder J (2019) Surface morphology, optical properties and Urbach tail of spray deposited Co3O4 thin films. J Mater Scie: Mater Electr 30:4259–4269
Peng S, Lee Y, Wang C, Yin H, Dai S, Sun S (2008) A facile synthesis of monodisperse au nanoparticles and their catalysis of CO oxidation. Nano Res 1:229–234
Goyal A, Sharma V, Sharma A, Agarwal R, Sharma KB, Kothari SL (2011) Synthesis, Structural and Optical Study OfCds Nanoparticles Doped with Different Concentration of Cu. J Nano- Electron Phys 3:254–259
Rathore D, Patidar D, Saxena NS, Sharma KB (2009) Effect of cu doping on the structural, optical and electrical properties OfCds nanoparticles. J Ovonic Res 5:175–185
Hassanien AS, Akl AA Optical characterizations and refractive index dispersion parameters of annealed TiO2 thin films synthesized by RF-sputtering technique at different flow rates of the reactive oxygen gas. Physica B: Phys Condens Matter 576(411718):1–32
Urbach F (1953) The long-wavelength edge of photographic sensitivity and of the electronic absorption of solids. J Phys Rev archive 92:1324
Akl AA, Mahmoud SA (2018) Effect of growth temperatures on the surface morphology, optical analysis, dielectric constants, electric susceptibility, Urbach and bandgap energy of sprayed NiO thin films. Optic 172:783–793
Saffarini G, Saiter JM, Schmitt H (2007) The composition dependence of the optical band gap in Ge–se–in thin films. Opt Mater 29:1143–1147
Pal SK, Kumar A, Mehta N (2019) Signature of rigidity percolation effect in dielectric behavior of germanium containing multi-component chalcogenide glasses (ChGs). Ceram Int 45:16279–16287
Sharma A, Mehta N, Kumar A (2011) Dielectric relaxation in Se802xTe20Snx chalcogenide glasses. J Mater Sci 46:4509–4516
Kumar MV, Muthulakshmi S, Paulfrit AA, Pandiarajan J, Jeyakumaran N, Prithivikumaran N (2014) Structural and Optical Behavior of Thermally Evaporated p-Type Nickel Oxide Thin Film for Solar Cell Applications. Int J Chem Tech Res 6:5174–5177
Akl AA (2007) Crystallization and electrical properties of V2O5 thin films prepared by RF sputtering. Appl Surf Scie 253:7094–7099
Hassanien AS (2016) Studies on dielectric properties, opto-electrical parameters and electronic polarizability of thermally evaporated amorphous Cd50S50xSex thin films. J Alloys Compod 671:566–578
Hassanien AS, Sharma I (2019) Band-gap engineering, conduction and valence band positions of thermally evaporated amorphous Ge15-x Sbx Se50 Te35 thin films: influences of Sb upon some optical characterizations and physical parameters. J Alloys Compd 798:750–763
Hameed TA, Wassel AR, El Radaf IM (2019) Investigating the effect of thickness on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of AgBiSe2 thin films. J Alloys Compd 805:1–11
Taha A, Farag AAM, Adly OMI, Roushdy N, Shebl M, Ahmed HM (2017) Photoresponse and DFT studies of new synthesized 2-benzylidene-3-hydroxy −1-(5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-3-yl) hydrazine and optical sensor application. J Mol Struct 1142:66–72
Abed RN, Abdallh M, Rashad AA, Hadawey A, Yousif E (2021) New coating synthesis comprising CuO:NiO/C to obtain highly selective surface for enhancing solar energy absorption. J Polym Bull 78:433–455
Abed RN, Abed ARN, Yousif E (2021) Carbon surfaces doped with (Co3O4-Cr2O3) nanocomposite for high-temperature photo thermal solar energy conversion via spectrally selective surfaces. Prog Color Colorants Coat 14:301–315
Abed RN, Yousif E, Abed AN, Rashad AA, Hadawey A, Jawad AH (2021) Optical properties of PVC composite modified during light exposure to give high absorption enhancement. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 570(120946):1–11
Hassanien AS, Alamri HR, El Radaf IM (2020) Impact of film thickness on optical properties and optoelectrical parameters of novel CuGaGeSe4 thin films synthesized by electron beam deposition. J Opt Quantum Electron 52(335):1–18
Hassanien AS, Neffati R, Aly KA (2020) Impact of cd-addition upon optical properties and dispersion parameters of thermally evaporated CdxZn1−xSe films: discussions on band gap engineering, conduction and valence band positions. Optics 212(164681):1–38
Akl AA, Hassanien AS (2021) Comparative microstructural studies using different methods: effect of cd-addition on crystallography, microstructural properties, and crystal imperfections of annealed nano-structural thin CdxZn1-xSe films. J Phys B: Condens Matter 620:413267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2021.413267
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Al-Nahrain University from Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering College.
Availability of Data and Materials
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [initials]. The data are not publicly available due to containing information that could compromise the privacy of research participants.
Funding
The authors declare there is no funding for the present work from any organization, university, or institute, all the authors bear the costs of the work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
1) The authors did not receive any support from any organization for the submitted work.
2) No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.
3) No funding was received for conducting this study.
4) No funds, grants, or other support was received.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate
This project involved a number of techniques and data analysis to evaluate the Influence of Nano Silicon Carbide (SiC) Embedded in Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) Lattice on the Optical Properties. And I agree to publish this manuscript in Journal of Silicon.
Consent for Publication
All the authors hope this work to be consider by Journal of Silicon and publishing in it.
Research Involving Human Participants and/or Animals
The studies have been performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standard.
Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest between them.
Informed Consent
There is no previous consent for the manuscript to publish, but now I give the journal the consent for publication.
Competing Interests
I had full access to all study data, take fully responsibility for the accuracy of the data analysis, and have authority over manuscript preparation and decisions to submit the manuscript for publication.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Al-Azzawi, Z.M., Al-Baidhani, M., Abed, A.R.N. et al. Influence of Nano Silicon Carbide (SiC) Embedded in Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)(PVA) Lattice on the Optical Properties. Silicon 14, 5719–5732 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01325-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01325-8