Abstract
Specific grades of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) can provide opportunities for optimizing properties toward high-temperature applications. In this work, the Co-based HEA with a chemical composition of Co47.5Cr30Fe7.5Mn7.5Ni7.5 (at%) was chosen. The refractory metallic elements hafnium (Hf) and molybdenum (Mo) were added in small amounts (1.5at%) because of their well-known positive effects on high-temperature properties. Inclusion characteristics were comprehensively explored by using a two-dimensional cross-sectional method and extracted by using a three-dimensional electrolytic extraction method. The results revealed that the addition of Hf can reduce Al2O3 inclusions and lead to the formation of more stable Hf-rich inclusions as the main phase. Mo addition cannot influence the inclusion type but could influence the inclusion characteristics by affecting the physical parameters of the HEA melt. The calculated coagulation coefficient and collision rate of Al2O3 inclusions were higher than those of HfO2 inclusions, but the inclusion amount played a larger role in the agglomeration behavior of HfO2 and Al2O3 inclusions. The impurity level and active elements in HEAs were the crucial factors affecting inclusion formation.
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Acknowledgements
Wangzhong Mu would like to acknowledge the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (STINT, Nos. IB2020-8781 and IB2022-9228) for the collaboration between KTH & LTU (Sweden), HYU (Korea), and NEU (China). He also acknowledges VINNOVA (No. 2022-01216), the SSF Strategic Mobility Grant (No. SM22-0039), the ÅForsk (No. 23-540), and the Swedish Steel Producers’ Association (Jernkontoret), in particular, Axel Ax:-son Johnsons forskningsfond, Prytziska fonden nr 2, Gerhard von Hofstens Stiftelse för Metallurgisk forskning, and Stiftelsen Överingenjören Gustaf Janssons Jernkontorsfond for the financial support. Key Lab of EPM (NEU) is acknowledged for supporting the partial FactSage calculation. Yong Wang acknowledges the Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of the Ministry of Education and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steelmaking (No. FM-RUlab-22-1) for supporting this research. The Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, China (No. 2023-MSBA-135) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the entral Universities (No. N2409006) are also acknowledged.
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Joo Hyun Park and Wangzhong Mu are the editorial board members for this journal and were not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Wang, Y., Wang, W., Park, J.H. et al. Effect of hafnium and molybdenum addition on inclusion characteristics in Co-based dual-phase high-entropy alloys. Int J Miner Metall Mater 31, 1639–1650 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2831-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-2831-x