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Recycling and recovery of spent copper—indium—gallium—diselenide (CIGS) solar cells: A review

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Abstract

Copper—indium—gallium—diselenide (CIGS) is a fast-evolving commercial solar cell. The firm demand for global carbon reduction and the rise of potential environmental threats necessitate spent CIGS solar cell recycling. In this paper, the sources and characteristics of valuable metals in spent CIGS solar cells were reviewed. The potential environmental impacts of CIGS, including service life, critical material, and material toxicity, were outlined. The main recovery methods of valuable metals in the various types of spent CIGS, including hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, and comprehensive treatment processes, were compared and discussed. The mechanism of different recovery processes was summarized. The challenges faced by different recycling processes of spent CIGS were also covered in this review. Finally, the economic viability of the recycling process was assessed. The purpose of this review is to provide reasonable suggestions for the sustainable development of CIGS and the harmless disposal of spent CIGS.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 2232038), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52034002 and U1802253), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. FRF-TT-19-001).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Xiang Li, Baozhong Ma, Chengyan Wang, Die Hu, Yingwei Lü & Yongqiang Chen

  2. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Xiang Li, Baozhong Ma, Chengyan Wang, Die Hu, Yingwei Lü & Yongqiang Chen

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  1. Xiang Li
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Li, X., Ma, B., Wang, C. et al. Recycling and recovery of spent copper—indium—gallium—diselenide (CIGS) solar cells: A review. Int J Miner Metall Mater 30, 989–1002 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-022-2552-y

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